| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| During this battle, William Travis unsuccessfully pleaded for supplies in a letter closing with "VICTORY or DEATH." Jim Bowie [[BOO-ee]] and Davy Crockett were both killed while fighting in this battle, a victory for the Mexican Republic. For the point, name this battle fought in a San Antonio church that became a rallying cry of the Texas Revolution. | Battle of the Alamo |
| This country’s ruler, Muhammad the Third, was the first head of state to recognize American independence. Last year, this country became the first Arab and African country to reach the FIFA World Cup semifinals. For the point, name this North African kingdom whose historical capitals have included Marrakech and Fez, as well as Rabat. | Kingdom of Morocco |
| This ruler oversaw reconstruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. This client- king was visited by the Three Wise Men before they found Jesus. For the point, name this Roman-era King of Judea, who, according to the Gospel of Matthew, ordered the Massacre of the Innocents. | Herod the First (or Herod the Great) |
| Description acceptable. Fridtjof [[FREET-yofe]] Nansen decided to attempt this action when debris from the Jeannette expedition was discovered near Greenland. This action was long thought to have first been performed by Matthew Henson and Robert Peary, though that is now doubted by historians. For the point, name this action first credibly performed by Roald Amundsen in 1926 aboard the airship Norge. | Reaching the North Pole (accept descriptions of exploring the North Pole; prompt on answers mentioning the “Pole” alone) |
| This woman chewed on a bullet instead of taking anesthesia while undergoing surgery on her head. This woman helped guide the Raid on Combahee Ferry under James Montgomery in South Carolina. For the point, name this Black abolitionist who was a conductor of the Underground Railroad. | Harriet Tubman (or Araminta Ross) |
| One ruler of this country was assassinated in Marseille by a member of IMRO after creating the Sixth of January Dictatorship. During this country's Informbiro period, the former leader of its Partisans accepted U.S. aid and purged Stalinists. Six republics were created from, for the point, what former Balkan nation that was once led by Josip Broz Tito? | Yugoslavia |
| Two dictators from the Duvalier [[doo-vie-AY]] family led this country in the 20th century. This country’s slaves overthrew their colonizers in a successful revolt led by Toussaint L’Ouverture [[too-sahnt loo-vair-CHOOR]]. For the point, name this second independent country in the Americas, a French-creole speaking country in the Caribbean. | Republic of Haiti (or Ayiti) |
| This city was the target of the Operation Meetinghouse raid in World War Two, which caused a massive firestorm. This city was originally named Edo, and it became a national capital after its country’s government relocated here from Kyoto. For the point, name this city that was attacked by Godzilla in film, and by American bombers who were targeting the Japanese government in World War Two. | Tokyo |
| This term was coined in a 1964 book by Jane Deverson and Charles Hamblett. This term, which was repurposed to represent the tenth group in a sequence beginning with the independence of the United States, is sometimes named for MTV. For the point, identify this term using a letter of the alphabet that identifies a group of people born between Boomers and Millennials. | Generation X (accept Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture; accept “Generation MTV” before mentioned) |
| Procopius claimed that 10,000 people died per day in the Byzantine capital of Constantinople due to an outbreak of this disease in an event named for Emperor Justinian. Beginning in 1347, this disease killed nearly one-third of all Europeans during its second pandemic. For the point, name this disease spread by fleas on rats. | Bubonic Plague (accept Yersinia pestis; accept Plague of Justianian; accept Black Death, accept Black Plague) |
| Four examples of this type of work composed by Richard Wagner [[VAHG-ner]] make up the Ring Cycle. Beethoven wrote only one of these works, which was named Fidelio. Since 1973, works of this type have been performed in an iconic building in Sydney, Australia designed by Jørn [[YORN]] Utzon. For the point, name these musical pieces, which include The Barber of Seville by Rossini, where a baritone signs the role of Figaro. | Opera (accept “Sydney Opera House”) |
| This man served as the first U.S. ambassador to France. This founder of the University of Pennsylvania was the oldest delegate at the Constitutional Convention. Poor Richard's Almanack was published by, for the point, what Founding Father who appears on the one-hundred-dollar bill? | Benjamin Franklin |
| A holder of this position, who earlier had been a prefect of Rome, would target the Anglo-Saxon demographic during the Gregorian Mission. The Visigothic sack of Rome occurred during the reign of the first holder of this position named Innocent. For the point, name this religious position, first held by Saint Peter, that oversees the Catholic Church. | Pope (accept Bishop of Rome) |
| These vehicles were used by the Czechoslovak Legion to cross Siberia. Armored versions of these vehicles were first constructed during the American Civil War. For the point, name these vehicles that various heads of state have recently used to visit Kyiv, as Ukrainian airspace is currently too dangerous to fly through. | Armored Trains (accept Armored Train Hurban; accept clear-knowledge equivalents) |
| Due to her involvement in this event, Mary Surratt became the first woman executed by the U.S. government. This event's perpetrator fled to the home of Samuel Mudd after jumping onto a stage and shouting "Sic Semper Tyrannis." For the point, name this event committed by John Wilkes Booth which led to the presidency of Andrew Johnson. | Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (accept clear-knowledge equivalents) |
| This empire was led by a group of 32 Mandinka rulers known as the Gbara. One ruler of this empire caused runaway inflation in Egypt by distributing gold while he was on hajj. For the point, name this West African empire once ruled by Mansa Musa and which shares its name with a modern-day country governed from Bamako. | Mali Empire |
| The largest naval battle of this war occurred between the forces of Reinhard Scheer and John Jellicoe off the coast of Jutland. The resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare caused the U.S. to ultimately enter this war. For the point, in which early-20th century war were the Central Powers defeated in 1918? | World War One (or First World War; or WWI; or WW1; accept Great War; prompt on "War to End All Wars") |
| Sea snails in the Eastern Mediterranean were the source of expensive dyes of this color, which was known as "imperial dye." Cyrus the Great's royal uniform consisted of a tunic made of this color that was long associated with royalty. For the point, name this dark color that Christians later adopted for use during Lent, and which the US adopted for use in a US military decoration given to wounded soldiers. | Purple or Violet (accept Purple Heart) |
| A slogan about the transition from one of these entities states, "The winner becomes king, the loser becomes outlaw." The period from the 220s to 589 is known as the era of "six" of these entities, which were vulnerable to overthrow by losing the "mandate of heaven." The Yuan [[YOO-ahn]] and Qing [[CHING]] are examples of, for the point, what royal houses that ruled Imperial China? | Chinese Dynasties (accept cháo) |
| This king’s most well-known victory is shown in the Bayeux [[bay-OO]] Tapestry. After overthrowing the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Harold Godwinson, this man compiled the Domesday [[DOOMS-day]] Book. For the point, name this king whose victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 resulted in the Norman conquest of England. | William the Conqueror (or William the First; or William the Bastard; accept William of Normandy before “Norman" is mentioned) |
| In Portland, Oregon, Simon Benson installed drinking fountains in support of this movement. Carrie Nation carried out so-called “Hatchetations” in support of this movement. The Anti-Saloon League aggressively employed pressure politics for this movement. For the point, name this movement whose goal was enacted by the Eighteenth Amendment, which banned the sale of alcohol. | Prohibition (accept Temperance; accept descriptive answers such as Banning alcohol before “alcohol” is mentioned) |
| One person in this position responded to Jacques Delors’ proposals for strengthening EU institutions by saying “No. No. No.” The third female holder of this position, Liz Truss, became its shortest-serving holder in 2022. Margaret Thatcher once held, for the point, what position currently held by Rishi Sunak? | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (accept obvious equivalents like British Prime Minister) |
| Loki fathered two of these animals that eat the sun and moon named Hati and Skoll. One of these animals named Fenrir kills Odin during Ragnarok. Romulus and Remus were nursed by a female of this species. For the point, name these wild canines associated with Ancient Rome. | Wolf (or Wolves; accept She-wolf; prompt on "Canine"; do not accept "Dog") |
| This modern country was home to the ancient authors of the plays entitled Medea and The Clouds. Plays were often performed in the Theatre of Dionysus in what is now this country’s largest city. For the point, name this Mediterranean country, the birthplace of Aristophanes [[ar-is-TOF-uh-neez]], who wrote comedies set in Athens. | Greece |
| This man possibly lost one election due to blank ballots influenced by James Bayard. This figure led an effort to make Texas an independent country after serving as the third vice-president, leading to his arrest on treason charges. For the point, name this Jeffersonian vice-president who killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel. | Aaron Burr Jr. |
| Following his victory at the Battle of Karnal, Nader Shah sacked this city, carting off items such as the Peacock Throne. Emperors such as Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb resided in this city’s Red Fort, and Ibrahim Lodi led a sultanate named for this city before its conquest by the Mughals. For the point, name this Mughal Capital, whose "New" district is now the capital of India. | National Capital Territory of Delhi (accept New Delhi) |
| In one attack, the USS Nevada ran aground in this body of water. This body of water contains the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet and the USS Arizona Memorial. For the point, name this body of water in Honolulu which was attacked by the Japanese in a 1941 surprise attack that led the U.S. to enter World War Two. | Pearl Harbor (prompt on "Pacific Ocean" until "Airport" is mentioned) |
| One of these animals named Mahmud supposedly refused to advance on Mecca while in the service of the Kingdom of Axum. The Chola dynasty's fighting towers were placed on the backs of these animals. For the point, name these large mammals which were used by Hannibal to cross the Alps. | Elephants |
| This city was struck by a 1985 earthquake, which caused the collapse of the Hospital Juárez, although its skyscraper, Torre Ejecutiva Pemex, withstood the event. This city hosted the 1968 Summer Olympics, the first to be hosted in Latin America. For the point, name this most populous city of North America that was built on top of Aztec ruins. | Mexico City |
| Following the American Revolution, this man declared America’s neutrality during the French Revolution. While president, this man personally led troops to put down the Whiskey Rebellion. For the point, name this commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and first president of the United States. | George Washington |
| Guns, Germs, and this commodity titles a popular work by historian Jared Diamond. In 1892, workers of this commodity instigated the Homestead Strike and protested mistreatment from a company founded by Andrew Carnegie. For the point, name this iron alloy that the Bessemer process was developed for, and which is commonly used in construction. | Steel (accept Guns, Germs, and Steel; accept Homestead Steel Strike; accept Carnegie Steel Company) |
| At the beginning of a war in this country, Hafizullah Amin was deposed and replaced with Babrak Karmal. That war in this country has been called the “Soviet Union’s Vietnam War.” For the point, name this landlocked Asian country which the USA invaded after the September 11 attacks. | Afghanistan |