| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| RNA is exported out of this organelle through its namesake pore complexes. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes within this organelle during the prophase of mitosis, and this organelle is surrounded by a double lipid membrane known as its namesake "envelope." For the point, name this organelle, the central region of the cell. | Nucleus (accept Nucleolus, which is within the nucleus) |
| A museum is found on Berggasse [[BAIRG-gahs-seh]] in this country’s capital at the site of a former psychology clinic. Viktor Frankl and Alfred Adler were psychologists from this country, as was the author of The Interpretation of Dreams. For the point, name this country where Sigmund Freud worked in Vienna. | Austria (accept Republic of Austria; accept Republik Österreich) |
| Drag is equal to air pressure times this quantity, and sails and parachutes maximize air resistance by increasing this quantity. Pressure is equal to force divided by this quantity, for which it is also inversely proportional. For the point, give this quantity that, for a square, is the length squared. | Surface Area |
| In 2004, one woman became the first known survivor of this disease through the use of a chemically-induced coma in the Milwaukee Protocol. This disease was historically known as hydrophobia, and its most obvious symptom is foaming at the mouth. For the point, name this disease that is spread by animal bites. | Rabies (accept Hydrophobia before mentioned) |
| This element names a clock reaction in which two colorless fluids create a purple product. Lugol’s solution is a compound of this element, which is used as a disinfectant before needle sticks, and this element turns dark blue in the presence of starch. For the point, name this element that is added to table salt to promote thyroid health, whose chemical symbol is the letter I. | Iodine (prompt on I before mention) |
| In this type of cloud, a congestus can develop into a calvus variant under the right conditions. Mammatus describe pouches typically hanging from these clouds, which can potentially develop into supercells that may result in tornadoes. For the point, name these towering clouds that can stretch for miles in the air, often associated with thunderstorms. | Cumulonimbus (prompt on “Thunder” or “Thunderhead”; do not accept or prompt on "Cumulus" or "Nimbus") |
| Multiplying by one of these numbers reverses the sign of an inequality. The square root of one of these numbers is written in terms of i, or the imaginary unit. These numbers are used to denote values on the Celsius scale below the point at which water freezes. For the point, name these numbers that are less than zero. | Negative Numbers (prompt on "Non-positive") |
| This animal's scientific name, Gulo gulo, literally translates to "glutton glutton." This animal, also known as the carcajou or the quickhatch, is the largest terrestrial animal of the Mustelids, a family which also includes weasels, badgers, and otters. For the point, name this carnivorous animal of northern forests that resembles a small bear, and which lends its name to the University of Michigan’s sports teams. | Wolverine (accept Carcajou or Quickhatch before mentioned) |
| In 1766, this gas was termed by Henry Cavendish as “inflammable air” after he dropped metals, such as zinc and iron, into acid solutions. This most abundant chemical element in the universe is also the simplest element, as it only has one proton and one electron. For the point, name this lightest element that has an atomic number of one. | Hydrogen (or H; accept Hydrogen Gas) |
| This structure splits into the common iliac arteries after passing into the abdominal cavity. This blood vessel is connected to the left ventricle by a namesake semilunar valve. Oxygenated blood exits the heart and is distributed to the rest of the body via, for the point, what largest artery in the body? | Aorta |
| The irregular distribution of these habitats around tropical regions is the subject of Darwin’s Paradox. Increased water temperatures and ocean acidification can cause these habitats to experience a namesake bleaching. For the point, name these aquatic habitats that include one off the Australian coast known as the Great Barrier. | Coral Reefs (accept Coral Bleaching; prompt on “Reefs”) |
| This species followed Homo heidelbergensis, and this species made use of the Mousterian tool industry. This species, which was thought to have bred with Homo sapiens, was found in a namesake valley of northwestern Germany. For the point, identify this hominid species of Eurasia that lived until around 40,000 years ago, our closest extinct human relative. | Neanderthal (or Homo neanderthalensis) |
| The U.S. gained control of this structure’s namesake zone according to the Hay- Bunau-Varilla Treaty. Jimmy Carter signed a treaty that gave this structure back to its namesake country in 1999. For the point, name this structure that allows ships to travel through a narrow point in Central America. | The Panama Canal (accept Panama Canal Zone) |
| Arthur Holmes helped legitimize theories about this feature by describing mantle convection. Alfred Wegener proposed and named this feature, which was surrounded by Panthalassa and eventually dismantled when Laurasia broke away from Gondwana. For the point, name this supercontinent, whose name comes from the Greek for “all Earth.” | Pangaea |
| A research database owned by this company uses the slogan “stand on the shoulders of giants.” This subsidiary of Alphabet, whose own subsidiaries include Waymo and YouTube, is the primary developer for Android and operates the web browser Chrome. For the point, name this tech company that operates the world’s most popular search engine. | Google LLC (accept Alphabet before mentioned; accept Google Chrome) |
| This phenomenon occurs when particles from coronal mass ejections collide with Earth, causing a magnetic storm. The appearance of this phenomenon depends on the wavelength of the photons, which is released when particles of the Sun interact with nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere. For the point, name this colorful spectacle also known as the aurora borealis. | Northern Lights (accept Aurora Borealis before mentioned; accept Aurora Australis; accept Southern Lights; accept Polar Lights) |
| Foster's rule causes animals in these ecosystems to evolve in extreme sizes, leading to the most common forms of gigantism and dwarfism. Adaptive radiation was first observed in these ecosystems, as with Darwin’s finches. For the point, name these ecosystems, collections of which are called archipelagos. | Islands (accept Archipelagos before mentioned) |
| In the triboelectric effect, this force transfers charge between objects. For an object on a surface, this force is equal to the normal force times this force’s namesake coefficient, which is symbolized mu. Fluid, kinetic, rolling, and static are the four types of, for the point, what force that opposes motion between two surfaces? | Friction (accept Coefficient of Friction; accept Mu before mentioned; accept Fluid Friction; Kinetic Friction; Rolling Friction; accept Static Friction) |
| This region experienced depletion due to human use of chlorofluorocarbons in the mid-1900s. This region filters out the vast majority of solar UV radiation, protecting animals from sunburn. For the point, name this atmospheric region, which is named for the presence of an allotrope of oxygen containing three atoms. | Ozone Layer (prompt on “Stratosphere”) |
| Demands for cashmere wool are accelerating this process in Mongolia. Thomas Sankara planted over ten million trees to combat this phenomenon in Burkina Faso, and the Great Green Wall of China attempts to curb this process from expanding the Gobi. Affecting the Sahel, this is, for the point, what process that leads to the expansion of drylands? | Desertification (accept descriptive equivalents that involve Forming a desert or the Expansion of a desert) |
| Fused quartz is a type of this material known for its excellent resistance to thermal shock, and layers of flexible plastic and hard types of this material are used to make its bullet- resistant variety. This amorphous material is industrially made from silicate minerals. For the point, name this material used in windows and mirrors. | Glass (accept Bullet-resistant Glass) |
| O-type stars are described as giants of this color in the Yerkes classification system. The hot, left side of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram contains stars of this color, and objects moving toward each other experience a doppler shift of this color. Rayleigh scattering causes the sky to appear, for the point, what color of light between green and violet? | Blue (accept Indigo; prompt on “White” before “Rayleigh”) |
| The potential threat of these events can be anticipated by Time of Concentration, and these events can come in areal and riverine types. The onset of these events can overwhelm urban installations such as culverts and storm drains. For the point, identify these destructive, hydrological events that come on suddenly in their "flash" type. | Floods (accept Areal Floods; accept Riverine Floods; accept Flash Floods) |
| These animals can use their curved, prehensile tails to grasp seagrass or seaweed in order to avoid drifting away in tides. The males of these animals become pregnant with eggs and give birth to live young. The pipefish and sea dragons are the closest relatives of, for the point, what fish, whose name refers to their resemblance to an equine farm animal? | Seahorse (or Hippocampus) |
| A composite laminate of this material and adhesive used in modern construction projects is known as glulam. This material is divided into hard and soft varieties, depending on if it was harvested from dicotyledons or conifers. For each year it grows, a new ring is added to, for the point, what natural building material that is harvested from trees? | Wood (or Timber) |
| In vertebrates, this tissue interfaces with neurons at synapses that diffuse acetylcholine [[ah-SEE-till-KOH-leen]] to ligand-gated ion channels. The presence or absence of sarcomeres divides this tissue into striated and smooth varieties. Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth are the three main types of, for the point, what tissue that include the biceps and triceps? | Muscle Tissue (accept Cardiac Muscle; accept Skeletal Muscle; accept Smooth Muscle) |
| Bill English further developed this device at Xerox PARC by adding a component that would inspire the trackball. Optical types of this device make use of an LED in order to allow the user to move across pixels in resolvable units known as Mickeys. For the point, identify this device that allows computer users to point and click. | Computer Mouse (accept Engelbart Mouse; or Trackball Mouse; or Optical or LED Mouse; accept Mice) |
| In space, fields with strong values of this force may result in a tidal effect known as spaghettification. At the Leaning Tower of Pisa, Galileo allegedly tested the universal magnitude of this force, which, at the surface of the Earth, is equal to 9.8 meters per second squared. For the point, name this force that causes objects to fall towards the ground. | Gravity (or Gravitation; or G; accept Universal Magnitude of Gravity) |
| The "brown" variety of this tissue is contained within the mitochondria and cause non-shivering heat production. This tissue’s cells grow to large sizes depending on the size of their lipid droplet. Deposited between organs to provide padding, this is, for the point, what tissue that is used for energy storage and accumulates excessively in obesity? | Fat Tissue (or Adipose Tissue; accept Brown Adipose Tissue) |
| This planet has the smallest axial tilt and the most eccentric orbit of any planet in the solar system. This planet is tidally locked to the Sun in a three to two ratio of spin-orbit resonance, meaning it experiences three days every two years. Completing its orbit in only 88 days, this is, for the point, what closest planet to the Sun? | Mercury |
| August Kekulé envisioned the structure of this molecule after having a dream of a snake eating its own tail. This molecule, which is made up of a series of pi bonds and rapidly alternating single and double bonds, is drawn as a hexagon surrounding a circle. For the point, name this simplest aromatic hydrocarbon, whose formula is C6H6. | Benzene |
| Two events have this property if the product of their probabilities equals their joint probability. Picking two cards from a deck has this property only if they are drawn with a replacement. For the point, identify this notion in probability theory where an occurrence of one event does not affect the outcome of another. | Independence (or Independent) |