| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tidal tails extend from these formations in their starburst type, the brightest of which is called Baby Boom. These formations are included in the Laniakea and Virgo Superclusters. Bar, irregular, and spiral are classifications of, for the point, what type of formations that contain stars and dust, exemplified by the Milky Way? | Galaxies (or Galaxy) |
| These organisms are classified based on their growth pattern, and categories of their classification include fruticose and leprose. Although they are not plants, these organisms are commonly called “mosses,” such as Iceland moss and reindeer moss. For the point, name these mutualistic composite organisms of algae living in a fungus. | Lichen [[LY-ken]] |
| Interaction of visible light and these objects powered by jet streams can create sundogs and halos. These clouds, commonly known as “mare’s tales,” are made from ice crystals. Usually forming in the troposphere, these are, for the point, what high-level clouds in the atmosphere that appear thin, long, and wispy? | Cirrus Clouds |
| In the solid type of these devices, the fuel and oxidizer are packed together into a cylinder. The propulsion of these devices was pioneered by Robert H. Goddard, who invented the liquid-fueled type and now names NASA’s space flight center. For the point, name these vehicles that generate thrust in order to launch spacecrafts. | Rockets (accept Solid Rockets; accept Liquid-fueled Rockets) |
| This polymer is stretched out to make a popular waterproof, breathable fabric called Gore-Tex. The strength of this synthetic polymer’s carbon-fluorine bonds gives it a very low coefficient of friction, which prevents insects and geckos from climbing it. For the point, name this synthetic chemical that is used to coat nonstick pans. | Teflon (or PTFE; or Polytetrafluoroethylene) |
| When this operation for a number is zero, then that number is always equal to one. This mathematical concept is the second order of operation in the acronym PEMDAS. Depicted to the top right of a base, this is, for the point, what quantity that indicates a number or expression is raised to a certain power? | Exponent (accept Power before mentioned; Note: 0 to the 0 power can be either 1 or undefined) |
| This man laid out the definitive principles of Western astrology in a text titled the Tetrabiblos. This man, who constructed an early world map in his Geography, wrote an astronomy treatise called the Almagest. For the point, name this ancient Greek-Egyptian astronomer, whose geocentric model of the universe was refuted by Nicolaus Copernicus. | Claudius Ptolemy (or Ptolemy of Alexandria) |
| This technology’s primary components are point-to-point connections and tunneling protocols. Surfshark and Nord provide this technology, which hides a user’s IP address and identity when browsing. For the point, name this privacy mechanism that secures the connection between a device and a public Wi-Fi network. | VPN (or Virtual Private Network) |
| This man's dihybrid cross experiments produced a "9 to 3 to 3 to 1" ratio in the F2 generation. This man developed the laws of segregation and independent assortment after his studies of traits such as wrinkled versus smooth seeds in pea plants. For the point, name this Austrian monk often known as the "father of genetics." | Gregor Mendel (or Gregor Johann Mendel) |
| This organ secretes a namesake “juice” into the small intestine through the Duct of Wirsung. Cells in this organ's Islets of Langerhans secrete glucagon and another hormone responsible for lowering blood sugar levels. For the point, name this digestive organ that produces insulin, which is impaired in type one diabetes. | Pancreas |
| The only isotope of this element that occurs naturally has nineteen neutrons, and this element has the third highest first ionization energy of any element. This element has the second-highest electron affinity and the highest electronegativity of any element. For the point, name this element, which is the lightest halogen and has atomic number nine. | Fluorine (or F) |
| The order of Sphenisciformes [[sfen-ISS-if-forms]] comprises these birds, whose Chinstrap and Gentoo species are increasing in numbers due to global warming. The largest species of these flightless birds are the King and Emperor types. For the point, name these birds which inhabit Southern Africa and New Zealand, as well as the Ross Ice Shelf and other areas of Antarctica. | Penguins (accept Chinstrap Penguins; accept Gentoo Penguins; accept Emperor Penguins) |
| Along with heme disorders and liver conditions, obstructions of this substance are the most common causes of jaundice. This substance is stored in the gallbladder and released into the duodenum of the small intestine after eating. For the point, name this substance that is produced by the liver to assist in digesting fats. | Bile |
| This rock is composed of microscopic layers of quartz and feldspar that are separated by layers of mica. Because it naturally breaks into mostly flat pieces, this rock has historically been used for roofing tiles and writing boards. For the point, name this flat gray rock used to make blackboards. | Slate |
| These animals have the largest temporal lobe relative to the size of its body among any land mammal. The brain size of these pachyderms weighs around eleven pounds, which is linked to its intelligence and memory, hence the saying that this animal “never forgets.” For the point, name these largest land mammals that possess tusks and trunks. | Elephants |
| A type of this condition called protanopia stems from a deficiency of long-wavelength cone cells. A sex-linked form of this visual condition affects about eight percent of males. For the point, name this condition affecting people who cannot distinguish between hues such as red and green. | Color Blindness (or Color Vision Deficiency; accept specific types of Color Blindness; do not accept or prompt on "Blindness") |
| This was the first vehicle to be deployed using a three-stage R-7 Semyorka rocket. This vehicle’s deployment from Baikonur Cosmodrome sparked a namesake Crisis in the U.S. that drove the founding of DARPA and NASA. The Cold War-era Space Race started with the launch of, for the point, what Soviet spacecraft, the first manmade satellite? | Sputnik 1 |
| In a box and whisker plot, this value is represented as a vertical line that splits the box into two parts. In an even set of numbers, this value is calculated by finding the average of the two central numbers. For the point, name this value that is the middle number in a sorted set of numbers, and which is not to be confused with the mean or the mode. | Median |
| The specificity of these molecules is described by the "induced fit" and "lock and key" models. Inhibitors can bind allosterically or to the active site of these proteins, which are often named with the suffix "-ase." Amylase and lipases are examples of, for the point, what proteins that catalyze chemical reactions? | Enzymes (prompt on "Catalysts"; prompt on "Proteins") |
| With momentum, the conservation of this quantity defines an elastic collision. This quantity can be defined as “momentum squared over 2 times mass” and can be mathematically expressed as “one-half mass times velocity squared.” For the point, name this type of energy contrasted with potential energy, the energy of motion. | Kinetic Energy (prompt on “Energy”) |
| In this phenomenon, viscosity dominates at a microscale of length named for Andrey Kolmogorov. Inertial forces cause the formation of eddies and vortices during this phenomenon, which is contrasted with laminar flow. For the point, name this chaotic form of fluid flow that can cause bumpiness on airplane rides. | Turbulence (or Turbulent Flow; prompt on "Fluid Flow") |
| This entity is the third-brightest natural object in the Earth's night sky, and the grand tack hypothesis proposes that this entity formed at 3.5 astronomical units. This entity is orbited by the moon Metis [[MEE-tuss]]. The Great Red Spot highlights the atmosphere of, for the point, what fifth planet from the Sun, the largest in the solar system? | Jupiter |
| The world's largest type of this ecosystem is the Cerrado in Brazil. Acacias and baobabs are common features within these regions, a large, tropical type of which is contained within Serengeti National Park. For the point, identify this type of grassland region with spaced trees, the African examples of which are home to many zebras and giraffes. | Savanna (accept Tropical Savanna) |
| A possible contributing factor to the long form of this disease is the impaired regulation of cells with ACE2 receptors. The first widely used mRNA vaccine utilized spike proteins to train the immune system for this disease and was developed by Pfizer. For the point, name this respiratory disease at the center of an ongoing global pandemic. | Coronavirus Disease 2019 (or COVID-19; or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; or SARS-Cov-2) |
| The upper bound of this region is formed by a layer of post-perovskite and the Gutenberg discontinuity. The dynamo theory states that Earth's magnetic field arises from convection within this region, which is mostly made of molten iron and nickel. For the point, name this innermost region of Earth found below the mantle. | Earth's Core (accept Outer Core; accept Inner Core) |
| The only stable isotope of this element has 27 neutrons, and the Bayer process converts Bauxite into the oxide form of this element. The Hall–Héroult [[heh-ROH]] process produces the metal form of this element, which has one-third the density of steel. For the point, name this element commonly used in household metal foil. | Aluminum (or Al) |
| These events mark the only time that the twilight zone's boundary is parallel to zero degrees latitude. The precession of these events is caused by the slow rotation of Earth's axis, and, during these events, the Sun lies directly over the Equator. For the point, name these events which occur in late March and September, marking the start of spring and fall. | Equinoxes (accept Spring Equinox; accept Fall Equinox; accept Precession of the Equinoxes) |
| Neither mass nor this quantity is exchanged in adiabatic processes. The Joule example of this quantity is produced when an electric current passes through a conductor. This type of energy can be transferred via radiation and convection. For the point, name this kind of energy that can be measured by ice melting or an increase in temperature. | Heat |
| Keratin buildup called Bitot’s spots can be caused by deficiencies in this vitamin in xerophthalmia. In rod cells, the protein rhodopsin is formed when opsin combines with this vitamin, which also typically takes the form of retinol. Night blindness is an early sign of deficiencies in, for the point, what vitamin that is necessary for healthy eyesight? | Vitamin A (accept Retinol or Retinal before mentioned) |
| The onset of these events can be predicted by their shear and pressure waves, and these events can be measured by their focal depth. Events of this type are typically focused at the epicenter. Less severe events called aftershocks sometimes follow, for the point, what natural phenomena, whose intensity is measured on the Richter scale? | Earthquakes (accept Tremors; prompt on "Aftershock" before mentioned; prompt on "Seismic Event" or similar answers) |
| This animal's leaf-nosed variant includes a species named for their "tent-making" tendencies, and the Kitti's hog-nosed variant of this animal is the world's smallest mammal. This animal, which uses echolocation to hunt due to its poor eyesight, includes a "vampire" species that feeds on blood. For the point, name these nocturnal flying mammals. | Bats (or Chiroptera; accept Leaf-nosed Bats; accept Kitti's Hog-nosed Bats; accept Vampire Bats) |
| A school of psychology from this country has a name meaning “form” and is focused on integrating parts and wholes. Psychologists from this country, such as Wolfgang Köhler, developed gestalt psychology. For the point, name this country where early psychological research was carried out in Leipzig and Berlin. | Federal Republic of Germany (or Bundesrepublik Deutschland) |