| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The leading institution and people of this city were criticized for worshipping saints’ bones when when it was visited by a man who would later feud with Johann Tetzel. This city’s Castel Sant’Angelo served as a refuge to one leader when this city was sacked in 1527 by Charles the Fifth. For the point, identify this capital of the Papal States, which today surrounds Vatican CitRyo, amned which bRecoammae the capital of Italy. | (accept ) |
| While flying to Smolensk, two liquor bottle bombs were put on this man's plane, though they iced up and never detonated. Hans Oster planned to overthrow this man before the forced resignation of Ludwig Beck. Claus von Stauffenberg targeted this man at the Wolf's Lair in East Prussia on 20th July 1944, leading to the arrest of 7,000 people by the Gestapo. For the point, naHmietl tehris dictator and leader of the Nazi Party. | Adolf |
| This country, where Adalberto Costa Júnior of UNITA was narrowly defeated by João Lourenço [[JOH-ow loh-REHN-szoh]] in 2022, was the site of a civil war which involved an intervention by Cuban paratroopers. That civil war ended with the death of Jonas Savimbi [[sah-VIHM-bee]], whose forces failed to depose José Eduardo dos Santos in this country. For the point, name this country that gained independence after Portugal withdrew from Luanda in 1975. Angola Angola | Republic of (or República de ) |
| Mile castles built along this structure were often manned by regular infantry known as Limitanei [[lee-mee-TAH-neh]]. This structure, also known as "Vallum Aelium," was superseded by a 63 kilometer structure built by Antoninus Pius. For the point, name this structure bHuaildt rbiya nth’se Wtitalell emperorV ianl Elunmgl aAnedl imumeant to keep Picts out of Roman Britain. | (accept before mentioned) |
| The Hepburn Committee revealed the actual size of this business while investigating The History of [this company] railroad companies' rebate policies. Ida Tarbell, whose father lost his business due to this company, wrote a scathing report titled . Antitrust actions broke up this company into branches that would become companies like Exxon-Mobil and Chevron. For the point, name this petroleum company established by Henry Flagler and John D. RockefelleSr.t andard Oil | |
| With support from the Marquis [[MAHR-kee]] de Lafayette, a monarch of this name sailed to the Azores [[AY-zores]] to mount an invasion of a mainland European nation. That king with this name attempted to annex a southern neighbor in the Cisplatine War. Pushed by his daughter Isabella, the second ruler with this name passed the Golden Law, abolishing slavery in 1P8e8d8r.o For the pPoeindtr, ogive this name of two ePmepderroors of Brazil. Peter | (accept I [[the First]]; accept II [[the Second]]; accept ) |
| During these dealings, a namesake nation attempted to coerce Israel into withdrawing from the Golan Heights while negotiating with an envoy led by Robert McFarlane. Both John Poindexter and Oliver North’s involvement in this affair led to their arrest by the Tower Commission. For the point, name this Reagan-era “Scandal” which concerned arms deals to an Islamic nation to fund namesake right-wing opponents of the SandinistaIsr. an-Contra Iran-Contra | Scandal (accept Affair; accept synonyms for "Scandal" or "Affair"; prompt on partial answers) |