| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The patched conic approximation is often used when performing calculations for moving between two of these systems, and “Halo” types of these systems are aroundanunstable(+)Lagrangepoint.Thevisviva[[VEES-VEE-vah]]equationisused to calculatethevelocityofobjectsinvolvedinthese,andthesesystemsare(*)elliptical according to the first of Kepler’s three laws pertaining to them. For the point, name these trajectories of planets around a star. | Planetaryorbits |
| Soft repeaters of this kind of radiation are believed to originateinstarquakes in magnetars and neutron stars with orbiting fossil disks. Large amounts of this radiationarereleasedfromjetscausedby(+)tidaldisruptioneventsandhypernovas. An initial flash of this radiation followedbyalowerenergyafterglowischaracteristic of this radiation's namesake (*) "bursts." For the point, name this radiation that has a higher frequency than X-rays. | Gammaradiation (orGammarays; acceptGammaray burst; prompt on "GRB") |
| Distortions of this sense are known as dysgeusia [[dis-JOO-syah]]. A conditioned aversion to this sense following illness is named for Dr.JohnGarcia.One type of G protein-coupled receptors transmit a type of this sense called (+) umami [[oo-MA-mee]]. This sense detects compoundssuchasglutamate[[GLOO-tah-"mate"]] and tannins whichactivate(*)receptorswithinthepapillae[[PAP-ih-lay]].Stronglylinked to smell, for the point, what is this sense that is conducted from namesake buds on the tongue? | Sense ofTaste (orGustation) |
| A three thousand-year old Japanese skeleton discovered in 2021 provides evidence for the oldest known one of these events. Common methods for preventing these events include drumline traps and nets that emit (+) electrical frequencies. These events often happen when acertainanimalmistakesasurfer's(*)silhouettefor that of a seal or other marine mammals. For the point, name these events in which a large cartilaginous [[kar-tih-LAH-jih-nus]] fish injuresor kills a human. | Shark attack (orShark bite; accept descriptiveanswers involving humans being attacked and/or injured bysharks) |
| At a transition temperature named for this substance, polymers enter a viscous, rubbery state. Electronic pH meters often use an electrode made from this substance, whose most prevalent type contains lime and soda. Hydrofluoric acid is commonly used to (+) etch this material. Most modern labware consists of this material's (*) borosilicate [[boh-roh-SIH-lih-kut]] variety, which is called Pyrex. For the point, name this amorphous [[ay-MOR-fus]] materialused to make beakers and test tubes. | Glass (accept Soda-limeglass; accept Borosilicateglass) |
| This quantity is plotted on the X-axis ofadiagramcommonlyusedtovisualize heat transfer in a Carnot[[kar-NOH]]cycle.Thisstatefunctionismeasuredinunitsof Joules per Kelvin. This quantityequals(+)Boltzmann'sconstanttimesthenaturallog of the number of microstates, and never decreases in isolated(*)systemsaccordingto the Second Law of Thermodynamics. For the point, name this quantity symbolized "S," a measure of a system's disorder. | Entropy (acceptSbefore mentioned) |
| Ammonia can be detected using a solution of this element's iodide called Nessler's reagent. A methylated calibration standard for NMR machines containing this element killed scientist Karen Wetterhahn when a drop of it seepedthroughher glove. (+) Calomel reference electrodes often contain the chloride of this element, whose primary ore is called cinnabar. An experiment performed by Torricelli [[toh-rih-CHEH-lee]] measured (*)atmosphericpressureusingunitsofmillimetersofthis element. For the point, name this metal symbolized "Hg" that is a liquid at room temperature. | Mercury (acceptHgbefore mentioned; acceptQuicksilver) |
| Apache Ant is a packaging tool used to build files written inthislanguage,the default graphics library of which is called Swing. Its namesake Virtual Machine enables this language to run acrossmultiple(+)operatingsystems,andthislanguage is augmented by the React framework and the (*) JQuery [[JAY-kweh-ree]] library. For the point, name this object-oriented programming language developed by Oracle, whose name refers to a cup of coffee. | Java (acceptJavaVirtual Machine; prompton "JVM"; do not accept or prompt on "Javascript") |
| This quantity is measured by the rate of cooling of extremely thin tungsten wires in a "hot-wire" device. This quantity is related to observed conditions by the Beaufort scale. A simple device used to measure this quantity consists of (+) cupson arms arranged in a radially symmetric manner around an axle. Like direction, this quantity can bemeasuredwithan(*)anemometer[[an-eh-MAH-meh-ter]].Forthepoint, name this quantity which can be over 200 miles perhour during a tornado. | Wind Speed (orWind FlowSpeed; prompt on"wind"; prompt on "speed") |
| Plasma torch gasification may be applied to this general type of material to prevent it from producing leachate [[LEE-chate]] or generating methane pollution, while also producing syngas for generating electricity. The company Bigbelly produces a (+) solar-powered machine that compacts this material. This material’s accumulation in (*) oceanic gyres creates namesake patches, including one named the "Great Pacific." For the point, name this materialstored in landfills. | Garbage (ortrash, orwaste, orrefuse, orrubbish, accept word forms and other equivalent answers: accept Great PacificGarbagePatch;prompt on "pollution") |
| This task can be carried out by comparing parent and daughter materials on an isochron plot. Clay is a common material used in the K-AR [[K-A-R]] technique for this task. One technique for performing this task uses zircon to calculate the (+) uranium-thorium-lead decaychain.Anothermethodforperformingthistaskusesthe ratio of the (*) twelve and fourteen isotopes of carbon. For the point,namethisprocessof using radioactive decay to determine when an objectcame into existence. | RadiometricDating (accept RadiocarbonDating;accept Uranium-LeadDating; accept descriptive terms referring to finding adateor anageof an object) |
| The positive displacement type of these devices work bytrappingandmoving small amounts of fluids in a continuous way. Fluid motion is alternated between two chambers separated by a flexible rubber seal in the (+) diaphragm type of these devices. Pressure is reduced in a sealed container with the vacuum type of these devices. (*) Reciprocating examples of these devices power hand-operated wells. For the point, name these devices that are used to inflatetires. | Pump (accept Positive DisplacementPump; acceptDiaphragmPump; accept VacuumPump; accept ReciprocatingPump; accept TirePump) |
| A thermal cutoff is a type of this object found in small electronic devices that activates at high temperatures. Theunicodesymbolforthesedevicesisastraightline through a rectangle. In modern homes, these devices have been largely replaced by (+) circuit breakers, which unlike these devices, canbeused(*)multipletimes.Forthe point, name these devices used to protect circuits from surges, which "blow" under high currents. | Fuse |
| This quantity increases with higher coefficients of performance for AC units. This quantity symbolized eta [[EH-tah]] is maximized when cold and hot reservoirs respectively have zero and unlimited temperature. A (+) Carnot [[kar-NOH]] cycle theoretically has the maximum value for this quantity, which is equal to the ratio of (*) work output to heat input. For the point, name this quantity which is 100 percent for ideal thermodynamic systems, the measure of the amountof heat loss in an engine. | ThermalEfficiency (or ThermodynamicEfficiency) |