| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This Supreme Court case arose after the distribution of a flyer containing phrases such as “Assert your rights” and “Do not submit to intimidation.” Much of this case’s standard was restricted in 1969 by Brandenburg v. Ohio, and Oliver Wendell Holmes’s opinion in this case coined a metaphor about “shouting fire in a theatre.” For ten points, name this 1919 Supreme Court case concerning anti-draft activity that established a “clear and present danger” standard for speech regulation. | Schenck v. United States |
| During the Scramble for Africa, French military forces obtained control of most of this country by defeating Rabih az-Zubayr at the Battle of Kousséri. This country gained independence thanks to its first president, François Tombalbaye, and Muammar Gaddafi unsuccessfully attempted to annex the northernmost part of this country for Libya. Ruled by Idriss Déby for 21 years before he was killed by rebels, for ten points, what is this landlocked Central African country governed from N’Djamena? | Republic of Chad (or République du Tchad ; or Jumhūriyyat Tšād) |
| In 1897, this man wrote the still-unsolved Dorabella Cipher to Dora Penny. This man, who wrote a work containing fourteen Variations, is believed to have hidden an as-yet undiscovered melody within the composition. This composer, twelve of whose pieces celebrate the coronation of the Emperor of India, wrote the Imperial March to celebrate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. For ten points, name this British composer of "Land of Hope and Glory,” “Enigma Variations” and a tune frequently used at American graduation ceremonies, Pomp and Circumstance. | Edward William Elgar |
| A 240-kilometer waterway that begins in this city was approved by Jean-Baptiste Colbert and passes through the Orb Aqueduct en route to Étang de Thau [[ay-TAHNG deh TOE]]. This city was home to a count who supposedly lost an eye before leading the First Crusade. This city, whose suburbs are where Airbus established its headquarters, has grown to become the fourth largest in France. The province of Languedoc and the Visigoths were both governed from, for ten points, what Occitan city, once home to seven counts named Raymond? | Toulouse (or Tolosa) |
| Simon the Third, Count of Saarbrücken [[ZAHR-broo-ken]], defeated a force of this dynasty at a battle that resulted in John of Brienne becoming the leader of a city they previously controlled. The Siege of Damietta was endured by Al-Kamil of this dynasty, whose later capitals included Hama and Aleppo. This dynasty accepted the surrender of Guy of Lusignan [[loo-sin-YAHN]] at the Battle of Hattin, which was a victory for a ruler who faced Richard the Lionheart during the Third Crusade. For ten points, identify this dynasty that was founded by Saladin. | Ayyubid Dynasty (or Ayyubids; accept Eyûbiyan; accept al-Ayyūbīyūn; accept Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt; prompt on “Saracen” or “Sultanate of Egypt”) |
| This figure founded the Massachusetts Metaphysical College, where she wrote about “malicious animal magnetism” and the use of mental techniques to harm other people. This person wrote Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, which controversially argued that prayer works better without the intervention of modern medical practices. For ten points, name this woman who advocated spiritual healing and is considered the founding figure of the Christian Science movement. | Mary Baker Eddy (accept either name; accept Mary Morse Baker) |
| This man proposed that nature is "of quite infinite expansion" in advocating the concept of Natural Supernaturalism as a correction to Enlightenment ideals. Ralph Waldo Emerson referred to this man as the "undoubted head of English letters." The earliest proposal of the Condition-of-England question arose in a work by this man, who referred to economics as "the Dismal Science". The author of the Latter-Day Pamphlets and the novel Sartor Resartus, for ten points, name this Victorian essayist whose work on the English working classes was considered foundational by Marx and Engels. | Thomas Carlyle |
| A piece of legislation often named for these people gave rise to the Supreme Court case Stuart v. Laird. These people sometimes lend their name to an "act to provide for the more convenient organization of the Courts of the United States." A number of these people received lifetime tenure before the March 4, 1801 cessation of the term of one president, much to the chagrin of Thomas Jefferson. For ten points, the case Marbury v. Madison arose due to John Adams' last-minute appointment of which justices? | Midnight Judges |
| A monument to commemorate the father of Gaius Julius Aquila was built in this city and came to be known as the Library of Celsus. A philosopher who handed kingship of this city to his younger brother claimed that fire was the arche [[AR-kay]], or main underlying element of matter. Cyril of Alexandria presided over an event in this city, from which Heraclitus hailed. In the year 431, a church council confirming the Nicene Creed was held in, for ten points, what Greek city that was once home to the Temple of Artemis? | Ephesus (accept Éphesos; accept Efes; accept Council of Ephesus; or Temple of Artemis at Ephesus) |
| This ruler issued an 1827 edict of military conscription, forcing Jewish men to spend 25 years in the army. Nicholas Riasanovsky wrote an influential biography of this ruler, which asserted that he was the model of Russian autocracy. This ruler, who was assisted by a secret police known as the Third Section, succeeded his brother Alexander the First, and was targeted by the Decembrist Revolt. For ten points, name this Russian tsar who died after suffering a string of embarrassing defeats in the Crimean War. | Nicholas the First of Russia (or Nikoláy the First Pávlovich) |
| The leader of this group initially served as an advisor for T.V. Soong, the brother-in- law of the leader of the country where this group was based. This group intercepted two “Lily” bombers on a run to Kunming and participated in a large-scale defense of Rangoon and the Burma Road. Led by Claire Chennault, for ten points, name this group of American volunteer fighter pilots who flew P-40 Warhawks for the Chinese Air Force during World War Two. | Flying Tigers (accept First American Volunteer Group before “volunteer”) |
| This U.S. Army General commanded Allied forces during the retreat to Burma, but his continued excessive demands on Chiang Kai-Shek, Merrill’s Marauders, and Claire Chennault have led to his being recalled by President Roosevelt. | Joseph Stilwell |
| During this conflict, Gerald Ford approved Operation IA [["EYE"-AY]] Feature which led to the passage of the Clark Amendment in retaliation. In this conflict, the Tripartite Accord partially ended the direct involvement of foreign troops, while both the Bicesse Accords and the Lusaka Protocol attempted to end it. During this conflict, Cuba launched Operation Carlota to supply troops to a force led by Agostinho Neto, which stood in opposition to a force led by Jonas Savimbi. For ten points, name this African civil conflict which involved the MPLA and UNITA. | Angolan Civil War (prompt on "Angola" or "Angolan") |
| After the death of Agostinho Neto, this person led the MPLA and became the second president of Angola, holding office from 1979 to 2017. | José Eduardo dos Santos (prompt on "Santos") |
| This man’s daughter, Heather Bresch, was accused of artificially inflating Epi-Pen prices while serving as president of Mylan, a drugmaker. In 2019, while serving as the ranking member of the US Senate’s Energy Committee, this man tweeted that he “was the only member of the Senate…who has consistently voted against efforts to use the so-called nuclear option to change the rules of the Senate.” Elected via special election to replace Senator Robert Byrd, for ten points, who is this Democratic West Virginia governor and current senator? | Joe Manchin (or Joseph Manchin III) |
| This man, who is currently the richest man in West Virginia, switched his party affiliation after being elected to the governorship as a member of the Democratic Party. | Jim Justice (or James Conley Justice II) |
| At a battle won by these people, Herennius told one of their commanders to kill every member of the opposition after a suggestion of clemency was ruled out. That advice was given to a leader of these people named Gaius Pontius, who won the Battle of Caudine Forks. Like the Lucani to their north, this tribe spoke an Oscan language, and these people are thought to have branched out from the Sabines. Rome fought three conflicts with, for ten points, what tribe that inhabited the Apennine Mountains of Italy? | Samnites (accept Samnium) |
| The Samnites would later join the forces of Gaius Marius when he was opposed by what Roman general, who became the first leader of the Republic to seize power by force before retiring to private life. | Sulla (or Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix) |
| A member of the 3rd Mountain Artillery Regiment during the First World War, this man was eventually discharged after falling ill during the 1918 flu epidemic. A series of Allied bombings that damaged this man's plant forced a relocation to Maranello. In 1969, this man sold half of his company to Fiat, a company to which he applied for work before joining Alfa Romeo as a driver. The founder of a company for which an Italian Air Force ace's mother suggested the "Prancing Horse" logo, for ten points, who was this namesake of a luxury sports car brand? | Enzo Ferrari (or Enzo Anselmo Giuseppe Maria Ferrari; accept Ferrari S.p.A) |
| The seat of Ferrari corporation is found in what city of Emilia-Romagna [[roh- MAHN-yah]], historically a center both of luxury car production as well as balsamic vinegar used in salad dressings? | Modena |
| After his eldest son died, this man arranged for his grandson to succeed him by writing the Record of the Ancestor's Instructions. Immediately following this man’s death, his descendants engaged in the Jingnan Rebellion. This man may have named the dynasty he founded after the White Lotus Society, and he came to power as the head of the Red Turban Rebellion, which ousted the Mongol Yuan Dynasty. For ten points, name this Chinese emperor who founded the Ming Dynasty. | Hongwu Emperor (or Zhu Yuanzhang; or Chu Yuan-chang) |
| The Red Turban Rebellion completed the final defeat of the Yuan dynasty at this naval battle, the largest in history in terms of manpower present. | Battle of Lake Poyang (or Póyáng Hú Zhīzhàn) |
| This man preceded William Warham in one position in which his widespread autonomy led him to be referred to as alter rex, or "the Other King." First made almoner in 1509, this man helped organize a meeting between Francis the First and the king under which this man served at the Field of the Cloth of Gold. This man's failure to annul Catherine of Aragon's marriage contributed to his being succeeded as Lord High Chancellor by Thomas More. Dying before arriving to London to hear treason charges, for ten points, who was this cardinal and long-term advisor to Henry the Eighth? | Thomas Wolsey (or Cardinal Wolsey) |
| One of Wolsey's primary advisors was this man, who served as chief minister to Henry the Eighth from 1534 to 1540 but was beheaded on charges of treason and heresy. | Thomas Cromwell (prompt on "Earl of Essex") |
| In 1914, this man defeated George Neeley by a margin of 4,000 votes to enter the United States Senate. This man, who dissolved five of Oklahoma's Native Reservations in a namesake 1898 act, remarked that "good times are just around the corner" during the beginning of the Great Depression. This man opened the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics before losing his position to John Nance Garner later that year. For ten points, name this man, Herbert Hoover's vice president, and the only Native American to hold the post. | Charles Curtis |
| The Curtis Act of 1898 amended this earlier act, which allowed the U.S. government to regulate land held by Native Americans and convert much of it into private property. | Dawes Act of 1887 (accept General Allotment Act; or Dawes Severalty Act of 1887) |
| Largest city, whose Japantown was destroyed in May 1942. | Portland |
| Multi-billion-dollar footwear company that was co-founded by Phil Knight. | Nike (or Nike, Inc.) |
| Willamette Valley city home to the University of Oregon since 1872. | Eugene |
| Port city near historical Fort Clatsop which a namesake magnate founded to facilitate the trapping and selling of furs. | Astoria |
| Slogan coined during the Oregon boundary dispute, in which expansionists wanted the U.S. border to extend through British Columbia. | Fifty-Four Forty or Fight! |
| Indigenous people who lived along the Columbia River and name a U.S. Army tandem-rotor transport helicopter. | Chinook (accept Boeing CH-47 Chinook) |
| Senator who was one of two members to vote against the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. | Wayne Morse (or Wayne Lyman Morse) |
| Governor and mayor of Portland who served as secretary of transportation under Jimmy Carter before it was uncovered that he had sexually assaulted a teenager in the 1970s. | Neil Goldschmidt (or Neil Edward Goldschmidt) Roman Generals Name the Roman general who... |
| Committed suicide in Egypt with Cleopatra. | Mark Antony (or Marcus Antonius) |
| Was part of the First Triumvirate, a "great" general who married Caesar's daughter. | Pompey the Great (or Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) |
| Roman general and emperor whose victories in the Dacian Wars were commemorated in a namesake Column. | Trajan (or Caesar Nerva Trajanus; accept Trajan’s Column) |
| Came out of retirement for sixteen days to turn back an invasion and gives his name to an Ohio city. | Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus (prompt on "Cincinnati") |
| Was adopted by Tiberius and takes his name from his victories in Northern Europe. | Germanicus Julius Caesar |
| Was brother-in-law of Brutus and a leader in the plot against Julius Caesar. | Gaius Cassius Longinus |
| Lost the Battle of Teutoburg Forest, leading Augustus to cry for this man to "give me back my legions." | Publius Quinctilius Varus |
| Refused to fight Hannibal and chose to instead shadow his army and pick off smaller units. | Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus Central Asia Regarding the nations and peoples of Central Asia, name the… |
| Former Communist superpower that controlled much of Central Asia. | Soviet Union (or Sovetsky Soyuz; accept USSR; or CCCP; accept Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; or Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik) |
| Islamist group that regained control of Afghanistan after U.S. forces were recalled. | Taliban |
| Language group of Central Asia, Western China, and Anatolia that encompasses a wide variety of ethnic groups that were once nomadic pastoralists. | Turkic Languages (or Turks; anti-prompt on “Turkish” by asking “which is part of what larger language group?”) |
| Country in which Askar Akayev was overthrown in the Tulip Revolution in its capital, Bishkek. | Kyrgyz Republic (or Kyrgyzstan; or Kyrgyz Respublikasy) |
| Durrani chief and Afghan president from 2002 to 2014. | Hamid Karzai |
| Country in which Saparmyrat Niyazov wrote the Ruhnama as a propaganda piece. | Turkmenistan |
| First Uzbek president, who practiced slavery in his country's cotton fields. | Islam Karimov (or Islam Abduganiyevich Karimov) |
| Dictator with a fondness for Akhal-Teke horses who was succeeded by his son, Serdar. | Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow [[BEHR-dee-moo-HAH-meh-dawf]] (accept Arkadag; accept phonetic pronunciations; prompt on “Gurbanguly”) |
| Major cultural centers in this neighborhood included Nicholas Bayard's slaughterhouse and the old Coulthards Brewery, whose tavern supposedly averaged one murder per night for a fifteen-year period. The now-leveled Bayard’s Mount oversaw this neighborhood, which expanded into the polluted (+) Collect Pond. The Roach Guards and Dead Rabbits often brawled on Mulberry Street in this neighborhood. Chinatown and the central government buildings of (*) New York City now occupy the former site of, for ten points, what notorious 19th-century Manhattan slum where Irish gang activity was centered? | Five Points (do not accept “The Bowery”) |
| During the Virginia convention regarding ratification of the U.S. Constitution, John Dawson issued a warning about standing armies by citing the "atrocious murder" of this man, who inspired the pen name of the French animal rights supporter André Géraud. This man served as an African (+) proconsul following a term with the urban prefecture. Didius Julianus succeeded this man, whose reign began in 192 AD after an assassination. (*) For ten points, name this Roman Emperor the successor of Commodus and first in the Year of Five Emperors. | Pertinax (or Publius Helvius Pertinax) |
| After joining this conflict, Charles Emmanuel the Third of Sardinia oversaw a march on Lombardy. One polity lost control of Courland after this conflict, which resulted in Austria obtaining Parma. By the terms of the Treaty of (+) Vienna, this war concluded with the ascent of the only legitimate son of a fox-tossing champion and Elector of Saxony, Augustus the Strong. Duke (*) Stanislaus was forced to relocate to Danzig during, for ten points, what conflict which saw the Russian capture of Warsaw? | War of the Polish Succession (accept Wojna o sukcesję polską) |
| Traditional kraton pavilions called Pendhapa frequently host sacred dances in this country. This country’s ancient Ponorogo kingdom is the likely origin of its batik tradition of making wax-resistant dye textiles. This country’s traditional music is based around kemanak idiophones and (+) gangsa metallophones which are used in the gamelan [[GAH-meh-lahn]] style. It’s not India, but performers in this country depict scenes from the Ramayana and Mahabharata in its Wayang puppet theaters. For ten points, (*) westerners have made the city of Ubud a center of yoga tourism in which southeast Asian nation’s Hindu-majority island of Bali? | Indonesia |
| A collaboration that this man began with Edward H. Bennett in 1906 sought to improve the efficiency of railway terminals and reclaim a lakefront. This man was commissioned by then Governor-General William Howard Taft to redesign Manila. (+) The plan for the city of Chicago was designed by this architect, who designed the triangular Flatiron Building and also oversaw the creation of the (*) “White City” in 1893. For ten points, name this architect who was Director of Works for the World’s Columbian Exposition. | Daniel Burnham |
| In a battle named for this city, one side led by Ōyama Iwao fired over twenty million rounds in ten days. An explosion near this city was orchestrated by Suemori Kawamoto on a train track during a (+) false flag operation, which was used as a justification for a 1931 Japanese invasion. In 1625, a palace was built in this city, where the first three emperors of the Qing Dynasty resided. (*) For ten points, identify this Manchurian Chinese city in which a namesake "Incident" served as an early challenge for the League of Nations. | Shenyang (accept Mukden; accept Mukden Incident; accept Fengtian; accept Hou City; accept Hou Cheng) |
| The line "Come, join hand in hand, brave Americans all" opens a piece of music with lyrics written by this man, "The Liberty Song.” Upon hearing of this man's death, Thomas Jefferson wrote "A more estimable man, or truer patriot, could not have left us." The (+) Annapolis Convention was chaired by this man, who was the primary author of a work that was rendered obsolete after the Proclamation of Rebellion was issued. (*) For ten points, who was this Delaware politician who drafted the Olive Branch Petition? | John Dickinson |
| This king's father began a royal tradition by giving him the title Prince of Wales as heir apparent. Roger Mortimer allied with this man’s spurned wife Isabella “the She-Wolf” to overthrow this king, whose preference for unsavory favorites such as Piers Gaveston and the (+) Despensers contributed to his downfall. This king suffered defeat at the hands of Robert the Bruce at the Battle of Bannockburn. (*) For ten points, identify this English king, the son of a king of the same name known as "Longshanks." | Edward the Second (accept Edward of Caernarvon) |
| Christian Wulfila [[VOOL-fee-lah]] created a comprehensive alphabet for these people in an effort to have the Bible written in their native tongue. These people are given credit for the sacking of Troy in a Jordanes [[jor-DAH-neez]] historiography of them, the (+) Getica. Emperor Honorius failed to prevent a king of these people, Alaric the First from sacking (*) Rome for the first time in seven centuries. For ten points, which Germanic people occupied much of Western Europe in the 5th century? | Goths (accept Visigoths; or Ostrogoths; or Gothi) |
| Which Latin American nation suffered hyperinflation in the mid-2010s partly due to the long term consequences of Hugo Chavez's economic policies the decade prior? | Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (or Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela; |