| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In order to back up a false prediction, this man maintained for five years that Titan Leeds was dead and replaced by an imposter. This man was appointed by Louis the Sixteenth to join a commission evaluating the legitimacy of Franz Mesmer in his role as ambassador of the Continental Congress. For ten points, name this polymath and founding father who published Poor Richard’s Almanack and is depicted on the hundred dollar bill. | Benjamin Franklin |
| Fikret Abdić was elected to this country's presidency in 1990 alongside Biljana Plavšić [[bil-YAH-nuh PLAV-sitch]], who succeeded Radovan Karadžić [[kah-RAD-zitch]] as the leader of an autonomous Republic in this country after his indictment for war crimes. Karadžić governed from Banja Luka, the capital of this country's Republika Srpska, which was supported in a war by neighboring Serbia. For ten points, name this Balkan country where the Srebnica [[sreb-NEET-suh]] Massacre occurred during the breakup of Yugoslavia. | Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (accept Republika Bosna i Hercegovina) |
| Martin Luther King's speech "I've Been to the Mountaintop," delivered the night before his assassination, ends with the first lines of this poem. After George Kimball's battalion was dispatched to Kentucky, this poem's author jotted down how the Lord "hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword." For ten points, name this patriotic poem set to the music of "John Brown's Body" by Julia Ward Howe. | "Battle Hymn of the Republic" (accept "Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory"; prompt on "John Brown's Body" before mentioned) |
| According to Welsh sources, this region was founded by the legendary warrior Conan Meriadoc. This region’s city of Ys [[‘Ease’]] was legendarily swallowed by the sea during the reign of King Gradlon, and the pirate Jeanne de Clisson was known as the "Lioness of" this region. During Roman occupation, this region was known as Armorica, and this region is the only one of the six regions commonly recognized as Celtic nations outside the British Isles. For ten points, name this peninsula in northwestern France. | Brittany (prompt on “France” or “Northwest France” before read) |
| This thinker drew on Nicholas of Cusa and Johannes Kepler to propose the law of continuity. This thinker frequently backdated his letters, causing controversy over whether his paper Nova Methodus pro Maximis et Minimis was plagiarized from an English rival. This thinker’s work with infinitesimals was derided by George Berkeley [[BARK-lee]] in The Analyst. For ten points, name this mathematician and philosopher who, like Isaac Newton, independently developed calculus. | Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz [[LIBE-nitz]] |
| In Cambridge, this movement was led by Margery Starre, who chanted "Away with the learning of the clerks" as followers burned university documents. Many properties of John of Gaunt were targeted by this movement, whose leaders included the radical preacher John Ball. For ten points, name this 1381 uprising against the English social structure during the reign of Richard the Second, which was led by Wat Tyler. | Peasants’ Revolt (accept Wat Tyler’s Revolt or Wat Tyler’s Rebellion until “Wat Tyler” is mentioned; do NOT accept or prompt on “Peasants’ War”) |
| In 2017, this country's parliament was stormed during an incident known as Bloody Thursday. Dimitar Kovačevski [[koh-vah-TSEV-skee]] served as the prime minister of this country, whose government signed the 2001 Ohrid Agreement with its Albanian minority. Due to a conflict with one neighbor, this country adopted the acronym FYROM before changing its name to differentiate it from a region of Greece. For ten points, name this majority South Slavic country named for an ancient empire ruled by Alexander the Great. | Republic of North Macedonia (prompt on "Macedonia"; accept Republika e Maqedonisë së Veriut) |
| This man is depicted in a Théophile Hamel work based on a portrait of Michel Particelli d'Emery. This man accompanied his uncle on an effort to transport a group of Spanish soldiers to Cadiz. This nephew of François Gravé Du Pont navigated the Saint-Julien, and he was the first European to describe the Great Lakes. Pioneering the use of the St. Lawrence River for interior North American exploration, this is, for ten points, what French explorer and founder of Quebec for whom a lake between New York and Vermont is named? | Samuel de Champlain |
| The death of one president of this country led to the forced resignation of Adolfo Saguier [[SAH-gwee-ehr]] in the coup of 1880. That event led to the rise of Bernardino Caballero [[kah-bah-YEH-roh]] as leader of this country, in which Correia da Câmara's forces killed one of its presidents. Francisco Solano Lopez led this country in a disastrous war against Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. For ten points, identify this landlocked South American country that lost the War of the Triple Alliance. | Republic of Paraguay (accept República del Paraguay; accept Tavakuairetã Paraguái) |
| As a captain, this officer led a U.S. garrison on San Juan Island during the Pig War. Through such works as The Heart of a Soldier, this officer’s wife LaSalle contributed to the creation of the Lost Cause myth. When asked to explain the Confederate defeat, this officer quipped that, “I always thought the Yankees had something to do with it.” For ten points, identify this officer, whose namesake charge at Gettysburg ended at the “high-water mark of the Confederacy.” | George Edward Pickett (accept Pickett's Charge) |
| Judge James Edwin Horton, who presided over the retrial of this group, was removed from the case by the Alabama Supreme Court after he recommended that the initial conviction of Haywood Patterson be reversed. Samuel Leibowitz showed Alabama jury roll books to Charles Evans Hughes’s Supreme Court as part of his defense for this group. For ten points, name this group of young Black men who were the victim of ‘legal injustice’ after being accused of raping two white women in 1931. | Scottsboro Boys (or Scottsboro Nine; prompt on partial answers; prompt on "Haywood Patterson") |
| The Scottsboro Boys were arrested on a train that departed from this Tennessee city, which was known as a railway hub and for which a famous song about a train was written. | Chattanooga |
| On the orders of this man, a group of Catholics called the 26 Martyrs were tortured and crucified. This leader, who initiated the construction of Osaka Castle, defeated Akechi Mitsuhide [[MEET-soo-HEE-day]] at the Battle of Yamazaki. This man launched the Imjin War as part of his two failed invasions of Korea. This man's son Hideyori [[HEE-day-YOH-ree]] gave control to Tokugawa Ieyasu [[EE-ay-YAH-soo]]. For ten points, name this second great unifier of Japan, the successor of Oda Nobunaga [[NOH-boo-NAH-gah]] | Toyotomi Hideyoshi (prompt on "Toyotomi") |
| Hideyoshi's invasions of Japan failed in part due to the efforts of Admiral Yi Sun-shin, who utilized what heavily-armored vessels nicknamed for an animal? | Turtle Ships (or Geobukseon) |
| In 2022, this man succeeded Sean E. Doocey as U.S. representative to the International Civil Aviation Organization. With Jeffrey Zaslow, this man authored a memoir of his best- known experience titled Highest Duty. A gaggle of Canada geese collided with an aircraft piloted by this man, forcing him to engage in an action near LaGuardia Airport. That "miracle" resulted in the survival of all 155 members of the US Airways flight being piloted by, for ten points, what man who, in 2009, successfully landed on the Hudson River? | Sully Sullenberger (accept either underlined portion; or Chesley Burnett Sullenberger the Third; accept Captain Sully) |
| A 2016 film based on Sullenberger's memoir starred Tom Hanks and was directed by this Western actor, who previously won Academy Awards for his direction of Unforgiven and Million Dollar Baby. | Clint Eastwood (or Clinton Eastwood Jr.) |
| One song by this band notes how "The Scythians fell by the River Jaxartes" before claiming that "Egypt fell to the Macedon king as well." "Alexander the Great" was, along with "Paschendale" [[PAH-shen-dale]], among the historically-themed songs by this band whose members include Dave Murray and Steve Harris. With a name inspired by a medieval torture device, for ten points, what is this British heavy metal band? | Iron Maiden |
| The Iron Maiden song "Montségur" is based on the fall of a namesake stronghold during the Albigensian Crusade, a fortress of these people, a Gnostic group of Southern France who faced intense persecution from the 12th to the 14th century. | Cathars (or Catharism) |
| This magazine was criticized for depicting Nadine Moreno as a baby with down syndrome after she publicly supported the Popular Front. Another controversial cartoon by this magazine reenacted the George Floyd killing but depicted Elizabeth the Second killing Meghan Markle. In 2015, this magazine’s publishing director, Charb, was murdered in a shooting by gunmen claiming to represent Al Qaeda. For ten points, name this French satirical magazine that has suffered three attacks due to its comic depictions of Muhammad. | Charlie Hebdo |
| Charlie Hebdo appeared in 1970 after its predecessor, Hara-Kiri, was banned for mocking this French president after his death. | Charles de Gaulle (Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle) |
| This island’s original inhabitants were the Telchines [[TELL-keens]], who were mythologized as water gods. Residents of this island celebrated the Halieia [[hah-lee-AY-ah]] in honor of the Sun, during which they would throw equestrian statues into the sea. After Demetrius of Macedon failed to conquer this island, his weapons were collected and used to make a massive statue of Helios. For ten points, name this Greek island that was once home to a wonder of the ancient world, the namesake Colossus. | Rhodes |
| The Knights Hospitaller controlled Rhodes for 200 years before falling to the Ottoman Empire under what sultan, also called the “Lawgiver”? | Suleiman the Magnificent (or Suleiman the First; or Süleyman-ı Evvel; accept Suleiman the Lawgiver; or Ḳānūnī Sulṭān Süleymān) |
| In 1790, this man cited worsening health as his reason for declining to take a Senate seat vacated by William Grayson. This man criticized what he called "the improper powers of the Senate and the unnecessary office of the vice-president" in his Objections to this Constitution of Government. Once claiming, "There is no Declaration of Rights," this neighbor of George Washington was the primary author of the Virginia Declaration of Rights. For ten points, identify this Founding Father who names a Fairfax, Virginia university. | George Mason (accept George Mason University) |
| Mason supported the Virginia Plan, which was opposed by a plan drafted by William Paterson, a justice of the Supreme Court and governor of what Mid-Atlantic state? | New Jersey (accept New Jersey Plan) |
| This country was the target of the 1890 British Ultimatum which objected to this country’s landholdings that were depicted in the Pink Map. Alongside a larger colony, this country lost the territories of Daman and Diu in 1961. This country fought a namesake "Colonial War," in which guerillas fought for control of Luanda and Maputo in its African colonies. Prince Henry kickstarted this country's overseas expansion, which began to crumble in 1822 when a South American Empire declared independence under Pedro the First. For ten points, name this country that once held Angola, Mozambique, Macau and Brazil. | Portugal (accept Portuguese Republic, Kingdom of Portugal, República Portuguesa, or Reino de Portugal) |
| Portuguese holdings in Africa included which offshore colony, today the smallest Lusophone nation by population? | Sāo Tome and Principe |
| Served in the administration of his older brother, John? | Robert F (rancis) Kennedy (or Bobby Kennedy; accept RFK) |
| Did Barack Obama nominate for the U.S. Supreme Court in 2016? | Merrick Garland (or Merrick Brian Garland) |
| Was the first woman appointed to fill that position? | Janet Reno (or Janet Wood Reno) |
| Later authored the majority opinion in the Dred Scott case? | Roger B (rooke) Taney [[TAH-nee]] (accept phonetic pronunciations} |
| Was the first Attorney General and second Secretary of State? | Edmund Randolph (or Edmund Jennings Randolph) |
| Recused himself from investigations into Russian election interference? | Jeff Sessions (or Jefferson Beauregard Sessions the Third) |
| Was sentenced to prison for his role in Watergate? | John Mitchell (or John Newton Mitchell) |
| Is associated with a series of raids against purported “radicals” and was targeted by a 1919 anarchist bombing? | A (lexander) Mitchel Palmer (accept Palmer Raids) |
| Religion to which the founder of the dynasty converted. | Chalcedonian Christianity (prompt on "Catholic" or "Roman Catholic") |
| Main region they conquered, roughly equivalent to modern France. | Gaul |
| Germanic peoples they ruled over, whose name become synonymous with westerners during the Crusades. | Franks (accept Franci; or Francorum) |
| King who deposed them, the father of Charlemagne. | Pepin the Short (or Pepin the Short; or Pepin the Third) |
| Queen who may have inspired a legendary valkyrie of Germanic myth. | Brunhilda of Austrasia |
| Son of Childeric the First who united the Frankish tribes. | Clovis the First |
| Political office, originally a manager of the king's household, that turned them into puppet rulers. | Mayor of the Palace (prompt on partial answers) |
| Term for the late Merovingian kings who only held nominal power. | Do-Nothing Kings (or Roi fainéant) |
| Country where it was decided that the 2026 Olympics will be held in Milan. | Italy (or Italia) |
| Most recent host city, the only city to host both Winter and Summer Olympics. | Beijing |
| U.S. state for which Mitt Romney organized the games in 2002. | Utah |
| Russian resort city where the Olympics were held in 2014. | Sochi |
| Japanese city which became the first Asian host in 1972. | Sapporo |
| Year in which they were first held, hosted by Chamonix [[shah-moh-NEE]], France. | |
| Sportscaster known for his call, "Do you believe in miracles," in 1980. | Al Michaels (or Alan Richard Michaels) |
| Man who set a British ski jumping record in 1988 but still finished last. | Eddie the Eagle (or Michael David Edwards) |
| In a war named for this region, Washakie and Plenty Coups joined forces with George Crook during the Battle of the Rosebud. Soldiers from this region traveled to Wyoming to fight William (+) Fetterman's forces, leading to the closure of the Bozeman Trail. During the Panic of 1873, gold-rushers settled in this region in violation of the Treaty of Fort Laramie. That gold rush was in response to an expedition to this region by a cavalry officer whose “Last Stand” occurred at Little (*) Bighorn in Montana. For ten points, name this isolated mountain range of South Dakota, considered holy land by the Sioux people. | Black Hills (accept Paha Sapa; or Moʼȯhta-voʼhonáaeva; or awaxaawi shiibisha; prompt on "Dakota", "Dakota Territory", or "South Dakota" before "South Dakota") |
| Herod the Great rebuilt this city and renamed it Sebastia in honor of Augustus. This city was twice unsuccessfully besieged by Hadadezer according to the Tanakh. This city’s name was later used to refer to the region surrounding the city of Shechem. This city was founded by Omri and later served as the seat of power for his descendants, such as Jehoram and (+) Ahab. This city served as the capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel and names a small religious group that venerates Mount Gerizim. (*) For ten points, name this city that also names a “Good” traveler who helps a beaten Jew in a parable of Jesus. | Samaria (accept Samaritan; or Good Samaritan) |
| William F. Cloud alleges that this man asked a group "Will you be slaves of Napoleon or will you as patriots defend your religion, your hearths, and your rights?" Juan Aldama and Ignacio Allende stood by this man as he addressed a group after the ringing of a (+) church bell. The line "Death to the peninsulares" was allegedly stated in a call to arms that this man delivered to a group who eventually helped instill Agustín de Iturbide as Emperor. (*) For ten points, name this Mexican priest whose Cry of Dolores sparked the Mexican War of Independence. | Father Miguel Hidalgo (accept Don Miguel Gregorio Antonio Ignacio Hidalgo y Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villaseñor) |
| Neil Armstrong confirmed this astronomer’s prediction that the moon’s surface is comparable to walking on “crunchy snow.” The “Hot Moon, Cold Moon” controversy was a dispute between Harold C. Urey and this astronomer over the moon’s thermal evolution. The discovery of Miranda, the smallest moon of (+) Uranus, was made by this astronomer, and NASA launched the New Horizons spacecraft to explore a region named after this astronomer. Considered the "father of planetary science,” (*) for ten points, what Dutch astronomer names the region beyond Neptune that produces comets? | Gerard Kuiper [[KY-per]] (or Gerard Peter Kuiper; or Gerrit Pieter Kuiper; accept Kuiper Belt) |
| A man who led this organization for fourteen years wrote the autobiography The Path I Trod and worked with Bishop James Gibbons. That man succeeded Uriah Stephens as leader of this organization, during which time it dropped the words "The (+) Noble and Holy Order of" from its name. This organization, which opposed Chinese immigration, was led by a figure known as the Grand Master Workman. Once led by Terence (*) Powderly, for ten points, name this labor alliance that eventually lost prime status to the American Federation of Labor. | Knights of Labor (accept The Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor; or K of L) |
| Found in the Valley of Murcia, this venue contained pulvinar on which images of deities were often seated. Aediles were often tasked with organizing this venue, at which namesake ludi were held. (+) Contrary to popular belief, it is thought that a majority of the early Christian martyrs were executed in this venue rather than the Colosseum. Over 2,000 feet in length, this venue was built between the Palatine and Aventine hills. (*) For ten points, name this Roman stadium used for chariot races. | Circus Maximus (accept Circo Massimo; prompt on Roman "Circus") |
| This man faced criticism after declining to prosecute police officer Simon Harwood for the death of Ian Tomlinson and losing a by-election in Hartlepool. As a barrister, this man was knighted for his work while leading the Crown Prosecution Service. (+) This former Brexit Shadow Minister won a leadership election after another politician was accused of affiliating with (*) anti-Semites. Moving away from socialist ideals towards the center, for ten points, who is this leader of the opposition, who replaced Jeremey Corbyn as head of the Labour Party in 2020? | Keir Rodney Starmer |
| After being removed from office, Governor Claiborne Jackson of this U.S. state established a government-in-exile in Marshall, Texas. Sterling Price led an unsuccessful effort to capture this state that ended with the Battle of Westport. (+) While leading a guerilla militia in this state, Bloody Bill Anderson perpetrated the Centralia Massacre. Bushwhackers in this state included William Quantrill and Jesse James. The Bald Knobbers influenced the culture of (*) Branson in, for ten points, what state that is also the birth-state of John J. Pershing and Harry S. Truman? | Missouri |
| The first "National Bill" regarding this practice was introduced by Albert Jeremiah Beveridge. Pretending to sell Bibles, Lewis Hine was able to enter locations engaging in this practice and take photographs, which contributed to the passage of the (+) Keating-Owen Act. Mining and manufacturing were not included among exceptions to a set of standards regarding this practice, which allowed the central group to work for their (*) parents. For ten points, name this mostly-outlawed practice of the industrialization era. | Child labor (accept clear knowledge equivalents) |
| This Portuguese explorer discovered a namesake strait between the Atlantic and Pacific and was killed in the Philippines at the Battle of Mactan. | Ferdinand Magellan (accept Strait of Magellan) |