| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This justice wrote the majority decision in Washington v. Davis, which established that racially discriminatory outcomes are constitutional if there’s no discriminatory intent. This justice wrote dissenting opinions against both Miranda v. Arizona and Roe v. Wade, and the retirement of this justice resulted in the confirmation of Ruth Bader Ginsburg. For ten points, name this Supreme Court justice who also led the NFL in rushing in 1938. | Byron White (or Byron “Whizzer” Raymond White) |
| This country's only 20th-century coup occurred in 1953, in which the far-right Laureano Gómez was removed from power. Gómez, who led this country into the Korean War, was replaced by Gustavo Rojas [[ROE-hahss]], whose supporters formed the M-19 movement in 1970. Álvaro Uribe [[oo-REE-bay]], a former president of this country, committed war crimes while fighting the FARC in, for ten points, what South American country governed from Bogotá? | Republic of Colombia (accept República de Colombia) |
| A group of 808 of these creatures were blamed for supporting an uprising while living in Matsuyama Castle. These creatures can shape shift with the help of leaves which they would also pass off as money. The role of these animals' skin in Kamakura-era blacksmithing inspired depictions of them with massive testicles. For ten points, name these doglike animals, who take a trickster role in Japanese folklore. | tanuki (or racoon dog; accept bake-danuki; prompt on “racoon”; reject “dogs”) |
| After co-founding the Emergency Organization of German Science with Fritz Haber, this scientist became the second president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science, which was later renamed in his honor. Called a “white Jew” by Johannes Stark for teaching the theories of Albert Einstein, this man won a Nobel Prize in Physics for determining the specific amounts of energy in quanta. For ten points, name this theoretical physicist who names a constant. | Max Planck (or Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck) |
| Robert Dinwiddie appointed this man a major and sent him to deal with Tanacharison at Logstown, after which he received the nickname “Town Destroyer”. The year afterward, this man organized the retreat following the disastrous ambush at Monongahela after having volunteered for Edward Braddock’s expedition. This man had earlier held off the French at Fort Necessity. For ten points, name this colonel in the Virginia Regiment who posthumously became one of two men to hold the rank of General of the Armies of the United States . | George Washington |
| A Frederic Remington painting depicts this man as he Sets Out to the North. A group led by this man fought in the Tiguex War against a group of the Southern Tiwan peoples. Hernando de Alarcón left a set of letters for this man after he failed to show up at one meeting. This man is often thought to have been the first European to view the Grand Canyon. Known for his search for the Seven Cities of Cibola, this is, for ten points, what Spanish explorer of the Americas? | Francisco de Coronado (or Francisco Vasquez de Coronado) |
| While Louis Napoleon was on his way to see one of these events, Italian nationalist Felice [[feh-LEE-chay]] Orsini attempted to assassinate him. An 1828 example of one of these works inspired the Walloon and Flemish to secede from the United Provinces, starting the Belgian Revolution. The Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War halted the construction of the Palais Garnier [[pah-LEH gar-NYEH]], which put on performances of, for ten points, what theatrical musical works such as The Barber of Seville? | Operas (accept Opera houses) |
| This structure was designed after the Nereid Monument and located near the Fountain of Salmacis [[sal-MAH-kiss]]. This structure’s stones were used in a castle by the Knights of Rhodes, though its friezes depicting a battle with the Amazons went to the British Museum. For ten points, name this Ancient Wonder of the World, that along with the Temple of Artemis, was found in what is now Turkey and which served as the tomb for a Persian satrap. | Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (or Tomb of Mausolus) |
| Chivu Stoica was the predecessor of this man as president of the State Council. A group of high-ranking officials criticized this man's policies in the Letter of the Six. A set of "Proposed measures for the improvement of political-ideological activity" written by this man came to be known as the July Theses. This man's wife, Elena, tried to flee with him in a helicopter before their capture and execution on Christmas Day, 1989. For ten points, name this former dictator of Romania. | Nicolae Ceaușescu [[chow-SHESS-koo]] |
| This man, George Mason, and Edmund Randolph refused to sign the U.S. Constitution, citing the lack of the Bill of Rights. This figure competed with Caleb Strong for governor of Massachusetts and signed off on a bill to redesign the electoral map of Essex County, which opponents claimed made it the shape of a salamander. For ten points, name this politician of the Early Republic who lends his name to a kind of partisan redistricting. | Elbridge Gerry (accept Gerrymandering) |
| Failing to prevent a dam on this river was recalled by David Brower as his life’s biggest failure. In 1922, seven states signed a compact that allocated more water from this river than actually existed. In 1905, water from this river burst the banks of the Alamo Canal, creating a still-extant highly saline lake known as the Salton Sea, and one structure on this river was once renamed for the Boulder Canyon to spite its original namesake. For ten points, name this river that is impounded by the Hoover Dam. | Colorado River |
| Early settlers on the Colorado River probably included this prehistoric culture, whose artifacts in New Mexico led to a now-challenged speculation that this culture was the first to inhabit North America. | Clovis Culture |
| This man referred to his party as the "Angkar," or organization, and though he briefly allied with Norodom Sihanouk, this man ultimately ruled as "Brother Number One." This leader, whose real name was Saloth Sar, ordered "new people" to evacuate his country's cities and harvest rice in the fields. The brutal S-21 prison was operated by this dictator, whose Khmer Rouge caused the deaths of one-quarter of his country's population. For ten points, name this genocidal Cambodian dictator. | Pol Pot (accept Saloth Sâr before mentioned) |
| Pol Pot was ultimately deposed by the military of which other Asian country? | Socialist Republic of Vietnam (accept Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam) |
| In 1917, this man wrote that “motion pictures are the most important contribution to literature and art since the invention of fiction.” This most commercially successful producer- director in film history was the first employee hired by the Lasky Feature Play Company. This man shot The Call of the North and The Virginian, as well as the first full-length feature film in Hollywood. For ten points, identify this director of Biblical epics such as The King of Kings and The Ten Commandments. | Cecil B. DeMille (or Cecil Blount DeMille) |
| Cecil DeMille was associated with this still-extant film production company, which was founded by Adolph Zukor and Jesse L. Lasky and had success in the 1930s with films such as A Farewell to Arms and Gulliver's Travels. | Paramount Pictures |
| One of these objects named Uaithne [[oo-AY-nuh]] was first constructed by the Dagda. In the sagas, Heime created a hollow one of these objects to hide a lost daughter of Siegfried. The semi-mythical king Ragnar Lodbrok married a girl named Aslaug, who was hidden inside of one of these objects. One of these objects was first created from a turtle shell and cow guts as repayment for the theft of a god’s cattle. Hermes is credited with inventing, for ten points, what musical instrument that is played by Apollo? | Harp (or Lyre) |
| The Finnish Kantele harp was legendarily first made by Väinämöinen [[vah-nah- MOY-nen]], the hero of what Finnish national epic? | Kalevala |
| Scholars believe this man's wife, Dorothy, may have died of suicide rather than being thrown overboard during a 1620 storm. The first section of Mourt's Relation is thought to have been written by this man, with much of the rest being written by Edward Winslow, who succeeded this man as governor. This man's journal chronicles the period of 1620 to 1646 and notably ends with a list of passengers. A signatory of the Mayflower Compact, for ten points, who was multi-term governor of the Plymouth Colony? | William Bradford |
| Bradford was the second governor of Plymouth Colony and succeeded this first governor, the author and first signer of the Mayflower Compact. | John Carver |
| This man noted a “succession of very large fields, or rich dark soil [cultivated] in Sea Cotton” while travelling along the coast of Georgia and wrote A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States. This man, along with his mentor, created what may have been the first planned community in the U.S. at Riverside. Washington Irving headed a board for the development of a location that this man worked with Calvert Vaux [[VOH]] to design. For ten points, name this landscape architect who co-designed Central Park. | Frederick Law Olmsted |
| Olmsted was an activist for the conservation of this natural New York landmark, which is usually recognized as the oldest state park in the U.S. | Niagara Falls State Park |
| This country, which launched the unsuccessful Lake Naroch offensive, earlier devised Plan 19 to invade a western neighbor in the event of war. One minister from this country warned its monarch that it had nothing to gain by antagonizing Germany in the Durnovo Memo. This power reached its furthest westward advance during one conflict with the Brusilov Offensive. For ten points, name this major power in World War One that formed the Triple Entente with Britain and France before falling to revolution. | Russia (or Russian Empire; or Rossiya; or Rossiyskaya Imperiya) |
| The Russian 1st and 2nd Armies were nearly destroyed at this 1914 battle in East Prussia. This battle brought tremendous fame for German commanders Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff. | Second Battle of Tannenberg |
| This politician received national recognition after negotiating with a man who held kindergartners captive. The wife of this politician traveled to Libya to help absolve six foreign medics who were charged with infecting hundreds of children with HIV. This Gaullist conservative was the longtime leader of the Union for a Popular Movement. Charged with corruption in 2021, for ten points, name this man who succeeded Jacques Chirac [[she- RAHK]] as President of France in 2007. | Nicolas Sarkozy (or Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarkozy de Nagy-Bosca) |
| Sarkozy was succeeded by what Socialist president who drew criticism for his support of Saudi intervention in the Yemeni Civil War? Poor poll results led him to not contest Marine Le Pen or Emmanuel Macron in 2017. | François Hollande (or François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande) |
| Religious group including John Cotton that settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony | Puritans (do not accept Pilgrims) |
| Christian denomination of the Calvert family, the founders of Maryland, which was periodically outlawed in England. | Roman Catholics |
| Protestant denomination whose members founded Pennsylvania | Quakers (or Religious Society of Friends) |
| Term for two separate spiritual revivals aiming to renew devotion in the 1700s and 1800s. | Great Awakenings (accept First Great Awakening; or Second Great Awakening) |
| Denomination founded by John Wesley, who helped James Oglethorpe settle Georgia. | Methodism (or Methodist; accept United Methodist Church) |
| Conflict in 1630’s Massachusetts that led to the banishment of Anne Hutchinson. | Antinomian Controversy |
| Clergyman and President of Harvard who produced books used as evidence during the Salem Witch Trials. | Increase Mather (prompt on partial answer) |
| New England city that contains Touro Synagogue, the oldest such building still standing in the U.S. | Newport |
| British royal residence west of London that was partially burned and rebuilt after a 1992 fire. | Windsor Castle |
| Moscow complex including five palaces, including the residence of the president of Russia. | Moscow Kremlin (or Moskovskiy Kreml') |
| Northern French people who introduced the motte-and-bailey castle to England. | Normans |
| French term for a castle or manor house, including Chambord [[sham-BOHRD]] in the Loire [[LWAH]] Valley. | Chateau (accept Château de Chambord) |
| Publishing magnate who built a namesake castle near the town of San Simeon | William Randolph Hearst |
| Castle in Kent dating to the 9th century that shares its name with an English Midlands city | Leeds Castle |
| Type of Islamic castle, popular in Iberia, examples of which are found in Segovia and Córdoba. | Alcázars (accept Alcázar of Segovia; accept Alcázar of Cordoba; accept Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos) |
| Castle in Honshu with a notable white exterior, remodeled by Toyotomi Hideyoshi the most visited in Japan. | Himeji Castle |
| Country with three capitals which officially practiced apartheid as state policy. | Republic of South Africa (or RSA; accept Union of South Africa) |
| Dutch-derived language from which the word "apartheid" is derived, in which it means "separateness." | Afrikaans |
| President who was a longtime activist against Apartheid, earning him a Nobel Peace Prize. | Nelson Mandela (or Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela) |
| Island with a prison off the coast of Cape Town which held activists like the president mentioned above. | Robben Island |
| Political party, known for its stance against Apartheid, that has been in power since 1994. | African National Congress (or ANC) |
| Founder of the Black Consciousness Movement who died in police custody in 1977. | Steve Biko [[BEE-koh]] (or Bantu Stephen Biko) |
| Township outside of Johannesburg which was the site of a violent 1976 uprising. | Soweto (or South Western Townships; accept Soweto uprising or riots) |
| Prime minister under whom the system was implemented in the early 1950s. | D.F. Malan (or Daniël François Malan) |
| The passage of the Termination of Criminal Persecution Decree in 2006 prevented the prosecution of this leader, who faced a student protest known as the Malari Incident. Like his successor B. J. Habibie, this man was a member of the Golkar Party. (+) A gold coin released with this leader on its face had a value of 850,000 rupiah. A cult of personality grew around this pro-U.S. politician during his authoritarian New Order regime. (*) Holding office for thirty years, for ten points, which army officer succeeded Sukarno as Indonesia's president? | Suharto (accept Al-Haj Mohammed Suharto) |
| Due to his association with this event, a man nicknamed “Bloody Arm”, James Beckwourth, was banned from trading with one group. Eight members of the Council of Forty-four were killed in this attack, during which one group was asked to relocate from Fort Lyon. (+) Membership in the Dog Soldiers increased in the aftermath of this event, after which Colonel John Chivington collected the scalps of his victims. Taking place in what is now Kiowa County, (*) Colorado, for ten points, name this bloody 1864 attack on the Cheyenne during the American Indian Wars. | Sand Creek Massacre |
| During a battle near this city, Pharaoh Necho the Second led an army that killed the Judean king Josiah while on his way to confront Babylon. The first documented use of the compound bow was recorded in a battle fought near this city, where the forces of (+) Thutmose the Third and a coalition of Canaanite city-states met in a clash that preceded the Battle of Kadesh by nearly 200 years. The oldest reliably recorded (*) battle in history took place in, for ten points, what ancient city in Israel that provides the name of Armageddon? | Tel Megiddo (accept Battle of Megiddo; accept Armageddon before mentioned) |
| Under this prime minister, the Scott Report on dual-use export technology was issued following the trial arising from the Matrix Churchill firm being taken over by Iraqi intelligence. This prime minister announced the “Back to Basics” (+) morality campaign in the midst of several scandals dubbed “sleaze,” including the “cash for questions” affair. The Black Wednesday exchange rate crisis took place early in the premiership of, (*) for ten points, what Conservative prime minister who was unseated by Tony Blair seven years after succeeding Margaret Thatcher? | John Major |
| The Johnsville variety of these devices was built in Warminster, Pennsylvania and is partly attached to 4,000 horsepower engines created by General Electric. That example of these devices contained a flattened sphere and a gondola capable of speeds of 175 miles per hour. (+) Art Guntner worked as a medical technician with staff members who were the most frequent users of these devices. Sometimes known as "the (*) Wheel," these devices were used for numerous tests regarding high acceleration levels. For ten points, name these devices astronauts used in high-g training. | human centrifuges (prompt on "the Wheel" before mentioned) |
| This man wrote about using the false name John Hume Ross while serving in the Royal Air Force in a book titled The Mint. This son of Sir Thomas Chapman was employed at Carchemish [[KAR-keh-mish]] on behalf of the British Museum before taking part in the capture of (+) Damascus in 1918. The Revolt in the Desert was written by this man, who wrote of his time in a certain part of the world in (*) Seven Pillars of Wisdom. For ten points, name this British officer known for his role in the Arab Revolt. | Lawrence of Arabia (or T.E. Lawrence; or Thomas Edward Lawrence) |
| A son of this man named William joined the German Student Corps while studying abroad at the University of Göttingen. An agent of this man's best-known company was stationed at the Robert Stuart House on Mackinac [[MAH-kih-NAW]] Island. (+) The signing of Jay's Treaty allowed this man to expand his key business into the Great Lakes region. Thomas Jefferson granted this man the right to start a company that relied on the (*) pelts of beavers. The first American multi-millionaire, for ten points, name this magnate who founded the American Fur Company. | John Jacob Astor (accept Johann Jakob Astor) |
| Felix Frankfurter once claimed that this case's "reasoning is not impeccable and its conclusion, however wise, not inevitable." Section 13 of one act was analyzed in this decision, whose majority opinion claimed that the U.S. government was "a government of (+) laws, and not of men." A writ of mandamus was sought by the plaintiff in this case, which was decided in 1803. The doctrine of (*) judicial review was established in, for ten points, what Supreme Court case involving the future fourth president? | Marbury v. Madison (or William Marbury v. James Madison, Secretary of State of the United States) |
| A group of glovers in this city uses the motto True Hearts and Warm Hands and makes up one of this city's 110 livery companies. The Ravenmaster is a post held by a member of a group established in this city in 1485 which takes part in the Ceremony of the (+) Keys. That group, currently consisting of 32 members, is known as the Yeomen Warders of a structure in this city. The beefeaters serve as guards of the (*) crown jewels in this city, where the "Princes in the Tower" were held. For ten points, name this capital of the United Kingdom. | City of London (accept Tower of London) |
| In 1863 in this city, the second-most populous city in Switzerland, a group of citizens founded an organization which became the International Committee of the Red Cross. | Geneva (accept Genève; or Genf) |