| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This justice wrote the majority decision in Washington v. Davis, which established that racially discriminatory outcomes are constitutional if there’s no discriminatory intent. This justice wrote dissenting opinions against both Miranda v. Arizona and Roe v. Wade, and the retirement of this justice resulted in the confirmation of Ruth Bader Ginsburg. For ten points, name this Supreme Court justice who also led the NFL in rushing in 1938. | Byron White (or Byron “Whizzer” Raymond White) |
| This country's only twentieth-century coup removed the far-right Laureano Gómez, who led this country into the Korean War. Gustavo Rojas [[ROE-hahss]] once led this country where his supporters formed the M-19 movement. Another leader of this country, Álvaro Uribe [[oo-REE-bay]], committed war crimes while fighting FARC. For ten points, identify this South American country where La Violencia rocked cities like Bogotá. | Republic of Colombia (accept República de Colombia) |
| A group of 808 of these creatures were blamed for supporting an uprising while living in Matsuyama Castle. These creatures can shape shift with the help of leaves which they would also pass off as money. The role of these animals' skin in Kamakura-era blacksmithing inspired depictions of them with massive testicles. For ten points, name these doglike animals, who take a trickster role in Japanese folklore. | tanuki (or racoon dog; accept bake-danuki; prompt on “racoon”; reject “dogs”) |
| This scientist was the second president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science, which was later renamed in his honor. This scientist was called a “white Jew” by Johannes Stark for teaching the theories of Albert Einstein, and this man won a Nobel Prize in Physics for determining the specific amounts of energy in quanta. For ten points, name this German physicist whose namesake constant is symbolized h. | Max Planck (or Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck) |
| This man organized a retreat following a disastrous ambush at Monongahela after volunteering for Edward Braddock’s expedition. This man held off the French at Fort Necessity and attained the rank of colonel in the Virginia Regiment. One of two men to hold the rank of General of the Armies of the United States, this is, for ten points, what commander of the Continental Army? | George Washington |
| A group led by this man fought in the Tiguex War against a group of the Southern Tiwan peoples. Hernando de Alarcón left a set of letters for this man after he failed to show up at one meeting. This man is often thought to have been the first European to view the Grand Canyon. For ten points, identify this Spanish explorer of the Americas, known for his search for the Seven Cities of Cibola. | Francisco de Coronado (or Francisco Vasquez de Coronado) |
| Louis Napoleon was en route to one of these performances when he was targeted by attempted assassin Felice [[feh-LEE-chay]] Orsini. An 1828 example of one of these performances inspired the Walloon and Flemish to secede, kickstarting the Belgian Revolution. The Siege of Paris halted the construction of a venue for these performances, the Palais Garnier [[pah-LEH gar-NYEH]]. For ten points, identify these theatrical musical works such as The Barber of Seville. | Operas (accept Opera houses) |
| This structure was designed after the Nereid Monument and located near the Fountain of Salmacis [[sal-MAH-kiss]]. This structure’s stones were used in a castle by the Knights of Rhodes, though its friezes depicting a battle with the Amazons went to the British Museum. For ten points, name this Ancient Wonder of the World located in modern Turkey, which served as the tomb for a Persian satrap. | Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (or Tomb of Mausolus; prompt on partial answers) |
| A group of high-ranking officials criticized this man's policies in the Letter of the Six. A set of "Proposed measures for the improvement of political-ideological activity" written by this man came to be known as the July Theses. This man's wife, Elena, tried to flee with him in a helicopter before their capture and execution on Christmas Day in 1989. For ten points, name this former dictator of Romania. | Nicolae Ceaușescu [[chow-SHESS-koo]] |
| This man, George Mason, and Edmund Randolph refused to sign the U.S. Constitution, citing the lack of the Bill of Rights. This figure signed off on a bill to redesign the electoral map of Essex County, which opponents claimed looked like an amphibian. For ten points, name this Massachusetts politician who lends his name to a kind of partisan redistricting. | Elbridge Gerry (accept Gerrymandering) |
| In 1922, seven U.S. states signed a compact that allocated more water from this river than possible. In 1905, water from this river burst the banks of the Alamo Canal, creating the Salton Sea, and one structure on this river was once renamed for the Boulder Canyon to spite its original namesake. For ten points, name this river that is impounded by the Hoover Dam. | Colorado River |
| Early settlers on the Colorado River probably included this prehistoric culture, whose artifacts in New Mexico led to a now-challenged speculation that this culture was the first to inhabit North America. | Clovis Culture |
| This man referred to his party as the "Angkar," or organization and ordered “new people” evacuate his country’s cities. Though he briefly allied with Norodom Sihanouk, this man ultimately ruled as "Brother Number One." The brutal S-21 prison was operated by this dictator, who was responsible for the death of one-quarter of his country’s population. The Khmer Rouge supported, for ten points, what genocidal dictator of Cambodia? | Pol Pot (accept Saloth Sâr before mentioned) |
| Pol Pot was ultimately deposed in 1979 by the military of this other Asian country that unified following a lengthy war with the U.S. | Socialist Republic of Vietnam (accept Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam) |
| A hymn ascribed to this mythical figure is discussed in the Derveni manuscript. This figure's namesake religion centered on the death of Dionysus. This figure tragically caused his spouse to disappear by looking back when he was forbidden to do so by Hades. For ten points, name this lute player who descended into the underworld to reclaim his wife Eurydice [[yoo-RIH-deh-see]]. | Orpheus |
| Orpheus’s wife Eurydice was killed by one of these creatures. Tiresias’s decision to disturb a mating pair of these animals led to a curse from Hera. | Snakes (or Serpents) |
| In the sagas, Heime created a hollow one of these objects to hide a lost daughter of Siegfried. The semi-mythical king Ragnar Lodbrok married a girl named Aslaug, who was hidden inside of one of these objects, the first of which was legendarily created from a turtle shell and cow guts as repayment for the theft of a god’s cattle. Hermes is credited with inventing, for ten points, what musical instrument that is played by Apollo? | Harp (or Lyre) |
| The Finnish Kantele harp was legendarily first made by Väinämöinen [[vah-nah- MOY-nen]], the hero of what Finnish national epic? | Kalevala |
| One leader of this colony wrote Mourt's Relation with additional material from Edward Winslow. A journal chronicling the founding of this colony was kept by William Bradford and notably ends with a list of passengers of the sister ship to the Speedwell. For ten points, identify this early American colony in modern Massachusetts that was named for the “rock” where the Mayflower landed. | Plymouth Colony (accept Plymouth Rock) |
| The first Thanksgiving meal was shared between the Plymouth colonists and this tribe, which was led by Massasoit and Squanto. | Wampanoag (or Wôpanâak) |
| Washington Irving headed a board for the development of this location, which was co-created by Calvert Vaux [[VOH]]. Landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted co-designed this location, which features a fountain with characters from Alice in Wonderland, as well as a theatre that hosts Shakespeare in the Park. For ten points, identify this large greenspace in Manhattan. | Central Park (prompt on partial answers) |
| Frederick Law Olmsted was an advocate for the conservation of this natural New York landmark, which is usually recognized as the oldest state park in the U.S. | Niagara Falls State Park |
| One minister from this country warned its monarch not to antagonize Germany in the Durnovo Memo. This country reached its furthest westward advance during one conflict with the Brusilov Offensive, and this major power of World War One joined with Britain and France to form the Triple Entente. For ten points, identify this country where a revolution pitted the Bolsheviks against the Mensheviks. | Russia (or Russian Empire; or Rossiya; or Rossiyskaya Imperiya; prompt on “Soviet Union” after “Bolsheviks”) |
| The Russian First and Second Armies were nearly destroyed at this 1914 battle in East Prussia that brought fame for German commanders Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff. | Second Battle of Tannenberg |
| This politician received national recognition after negotiating with a man who held kindergartners captive. The wife of this politician traveled to Libya to help absolve six foreign medics who were charged with infecting hundreds of children with HIV. This Gaullist conservative was the longtime leader of the Union for a Popular Movement. Charged with corruption in 2021, for ten points, name this man who succeeded Jacques Chirac [[she- RAHK]] as President of France in 2007. | Nicolas Sarkozy (or Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarkozy de Nagy-Bosca) |
| Sarkozy was succeeded by what Socialist president who drew criticism for his support of Saudi intervention in the Yemeni Civil War? Poor poll results led him to not contest Marine Le Pen or Emmanuel Macron in 2017. | François Hollande (or François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande) |
| Religious group including John Cotton that settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony | Puritans (do not accept Pilgrims) |
| Christian denomination of the Calvert family, the founders of Maryland, which was periodically outlawed in England. | Roman Catholics |
| Protestant denomination whose members founded Pennsylvania | Quakers (or Religious Society of Friends) |
| Term for two separate spiritual revivals aiming to renew devotion in the 1700s and 1800s. | Great Awakenings (accept First Great Awakening; or Second Great Awakening) |
| Denomination founded by John Wesley, who helped James Oglethorpe settle Georgia. | Methodism (or Methodist; accept United Methodist Church) |
| Woman who was banished from 1630’s Massachusetts in the Antinomian Controversy. | Anne Hutchinson |
| Clergyman and President of Harvard who produced books used as evidence during the Salem Witch Trials. | Increase Mather (prompt on partial answer) |
| New England state that contains Touro Synagogue, the oldest such building still standing in the U.S. | Rhode Island |
| British royal residence west of London that was partially burned and rebuilt after a 1992 fire. | Windsor Castle |
| Moscow complex including five palaces and the residence of the president of Russia. | Moscow Kremlin (or Moskovskiy Kreml') |
| Northern French people who introduced the motte-and-bailey castle to England. | Normans |
| French term for a castle or manor house, including Chambord [[sham-BOHRD]] in the Loire [[LWAH]] Valley. | Chateau (accept Château de Chambord) |
| Publishing magnate who built a namesake castle near the town of San Simeon, California. | William Randolph Hearst |
| “Mad King” of Bavaria who commissioned Neuschwanstein Castle. | Ludwig the Second (or the Swan King; or der Märchenkönig; prompt on partial answers) |
| Tidal French island where a castle-like abbey looms over a commune in Normandy. | Mont-Saint-Michel |
| Type of Islamic castle, popular in Iberia, examples of which are found in Segovia and Córdoba. | Alcázars (accept Alcázar of Segovia; accept Alcázar of Cordoba; accept Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos) |
| Country with three capitals which officially practiced Apartheid as state policy. | Republic of South Africa (or RSA; accept Union of South Africa) |
| Dutch-derived language from which the word "Apartheid" is derived, in which it means "separateness." | Afrikaans |
| President who was a longtime activist against Apartheid, earning him a Nobel Peace Prize. | Nelson Mandela (or Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela) |
| Island with a prison off the coast of Cape Town which held anti-Apartheid activists. | Robben Island |
| Political party, known for its stance against Apartheid, that has been in power in South Africa since 1994. | African National Congress (or ANC) |
| Founder of the Black Consciousness Movement who died in police custody in 1977. | Steve Biko [[BEE-koh]] (or Bantu Stephen Biko) |
| Township outside of Johannesburg which was the site of a violent 1976 anti- Apartheid uprising. | Soweto (or South Western Townships; accept Soweto uprising or riots) |
| Dutch-born prime minister of South Africa from 1958-66, known as the “architect of Apartheid.” | Hendrik Verwoerd |
| This leader faced a student protest known as the Malari Incident. Like his successor, B. J. Habibie, this man was a member of the Golkar Party. A gold coin released with this leader on its face had a value of 850,000 (+) rupiah, and a cult of personality around this politician grew during his authoritarian New Order regime. (*) For ten points, identify this army officer who succeeded Sukarno as president of Indonesia. | Suharto (accept Al-Haj Mohammed Suharto) |
| Eight members of the Council of Forty-four were killed in one of these events, during which one group was asked to relocate from Fort Lyon. (+) Membership in the Dog Soldiers increased in the aftermath of one of these events, after which Colonel John Chivington collected the scalps (*) of his victims. For ten points, name these events in which American soldiers inflicted violence on a native people at locations as Sand Creek and Wounded Knee. | Massacre of Native Americans (or Massacre of Indians; accept equivalents) |
| During a battle near this city, Pharaoh Necho the Second led an army that killed the Judean king Josiah. The first documented use of the compound bow was recorded in a battle fought near this city, where the forces of (+) the Eighteenth Dynasty clashed with a coalition of Canaanite city-states. Nearly 200 years before the Battle of Kadesh, the oldest reliably recorded (*) battle in history took place in, for ten points, what ancient Israeli city that provides the name of Armageddon? | Tel Megiddo (accept Battle of Megiddo; accept Armageddon before mentioned) |
| This sculpture's subject, who wears a broken Uraeus yoo-RAY-ehs]], is missing a quartz iris in its left eye, which may have been purposely left out. A colorful (+) beaded necklace is worn by the subject of this sculpture, which Ludwig Borchardt found buried in the workshop of (*) Thutmose. For ten points, name this Egyptian sculpture depicting the head of the wife of Akhenaten. | Bust of Nefertiti (prompt on partial answer) |
| People in this profession train using devices with a flattened sphere and a gondola capable of speeds of 175 miles per hour. (+) Art Guntner worked as a medical technician for people in this profession who trained using a large device sometimes known as "the (*) Wheel" to generate high g-forces. For ten points, identify this profession that was practiced by people such as Ed White and John Glenn. | Astronauts |
| This son of Sir Thomas Chapman was employed at Carchemish [[KAR-keh- mish]] on behalf of the British Museum before taking part in the capture of (+) Damascus in 1918. The Revolt in the Desert was written by this man, who wrote of his time in a certain part of the world in (*) Seven Pillars of Wisdom. For ten points, name this British officer known for his role in the Arab Revolt. | Lawrence of Arabia (or T.E. Lawrence; or Thomas Edward Lawrence) |
| An agent of this man's best-known company was stationed at the Robert Stuart House on Mackinac [[MAH-kih-NAW]] Island. (+) Jay's Treaty allowed this man to expand his key business into the Great Lakes region, and Thomas Jefferson granted this man the right to start a company that relied on the (*) pelts of beavers. For ten points, name this magnate and first American multi-millionaire who founded the American Fur Company. | John Jacob Astor (accept Johann Jakob Astor) |
| Felix Frankfurter claimed the reasoning of this case was "not impeccable and its conclusion…not inevitable." The majority opinion in this case claimed the U.S. government was "a government of (+) laws, and not of men." A writ of mandamus was sought by the plaintiff in this case, which was decided in 1803. The doctrine of (*) judicial review was established in, for ten points, what Supreme Court case involving the future fourth president? | Marbury v. Madison (or William Marbury v. James Madison, Secretary of State of the United States) |
| The Ravenmaster is a post held by a member of a group established in this city in 1485, which takes part in the Ceremony of the (+) Keys. That group in this city currently consists of 32 members and is known as the Yeomen Warders of a certain structure. The beefeaters serve as guards of the (*) crown jewels in, for ten points, what capital city of the United Kingdom? | City of London (accept Tower of London) |
| In 1863, a group of citizens in this second-largest Swiss city founded an organization that became the International Committee of the Red Cross. | Geneva (accept Genève; or Genf) |