| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A term meaning "the honourable gate" inspired the title of this opera, during rehearsals of which one of its creators would visit an exhibition in Knightsbridge. Despite receiving a death sentence, Ko-Ko is appointed to the position of Lord High Executioner in this musical work, which partly aimed to capitalize on Victorian Romanticism regarding the Far East. For the point, name this Gilbert and Sullivan work that shares its name with a title for the Emperor of Japan. | The Mikado (or The Town of Titipu) |
| This man wrote the autobiography Man of the House, and he helped form the Congressional Friends of Ireland with Ted Kennedy and Daniel Moynihan to promote peace in Northern Ireland. This man took over the seat vacated by then Senator-elect John F. Kennedy in 1952, and this man served as House majority leader during Watergate. A supporter of universal healthcare and guaranteed jobs, this man led the House opposition to Reagan’s conservative domestic policies. For the point, name this Massachusetts liberal who served as Speaker of the House for five consecutive congresses from 1977 to 1987. | Tip O’Neill (or Thomas Phillip O’Neill, Jr.) |
| A member of a Piedmontese noble family, this scientist became a duke in 1960. This man served as perpetual secretary of the French Academy of Sciences from 1942 until his death in 1987. In 1952, this quantum theorist was awarded the first Kalinga Prize by UNESCO, and David Bohm is responsible for rediscovering this man's pilot-wave theory, the first known example of a hidden-variable theory. For the point, name this Frenchman who won the 1929 Nobel prize in physics for creating the field of wave mechanics. | Louis de Broglie [[deh BROY]] (or Louis Victor Pierre Raymond, 7th Duc de Broglie) |
| This region was the subject of the Treaty of Brétigny [[breh-tin-YEE]], in which Edward the Third ceded his claim to the French throne but retained lordship. In 781, the three-year-old Louis the Pious was crowned king of this region by his father, Charlemagne. This region became a stronghold of the Angevin Empire in 1154 when its duchess wed King Henry the Second of England. For the point, name this historical region and administrative center of France associated with a queen named Eleanor. | Aquitaine (or Duchy of Aquitaine; prompt on “France”) |
| Two answers required. The novel Compulsion was based on the life of these people, one of whom was killed by James Day. These people were involved in an incident that was exposed due to a distinctive hinge on a pair of glasses. A typewriter was used as evidence against these people, who targeted Bobby Franks. A sentence of 99 years plus life was given to this pair of individuals who were defended in court by Clarence Darrow. For the point, name these two students who attempted to commit the "perfect murder" in 1924. | Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb (or Nathan Freudenthal Leopold Jr. and Richard Albert Loeb) |
| This man's views were formed after reading a book by Philip Doddridge while touring Europe. This man was an independent MP from Yorkshire, and his supporters included Charles Middleton, Granville Sharp, and Thomas Clarkson. This man was an evangelical Christian whose cause was furthered in an 1807 parliamentary campaign that resulted in an act abolishing one mercantile practice. For the point, name this British politician who advocated for an end to the slave trade. | William Wilberforce |
| This act was seen as a means of "[reflecting and honoring] a collective moral judgment" by the House Judiciary Committee. Introduced into the House by Bob Barr of Georgia, the sponsors of this act claimed its goal was to "make explicit what has been understood under federal law for over 200 years" regarding the definition of "a legal union." The phrase "between one man and one woman" appears in, for the point, what Clinton-era act that prohibited the federal recognition of same-sex marriage? | Defense of Marriage Act (accept DOMA) |
| Joscelin the Second led a failed attack during this campaign which included crossing the Cadmus Mountains. Alfonso Henriques participated in an Iberian portion of this campaign that may have been hampered by one man’s discovery of an alleged affair between Raymond and his wife. An instigator of this event was a rival of Peter Abelard and the founder of a Benedictine abbey in Clairvaux. That man, Saint Bernard, supported this campaign to avenge the capture of Edessa by the Seljuk Turks. Ending in a failed attack on Damascus, for the point, name this religious war that followed the creation of several Christian states in the Levant. | Second Crusade (prompt on “Crusade” or “Crusades” before mentioned) |
| A failed coup by paratroopers left this leader besieged in his Independence Palace. This leader cemented his power through confrontations with Hoa Hao and Binh Xuyen. A rigged election allowed this leader to oust Bao Dai with a reported 98.9% of the vote. This leader’s Catholicism alienated him from his Buddhist subjects, such as Thich Quang Duc, who immolated himself in protest. For the point, name this leader who governed served from 1955 until his 1963 assassination as President of South Vietnam. | Ngo Dinh Diem |
| The actions of this event were described as "rightful" in a "Law pertaining to the Measures of Self-Defense of the State." One president praised the leader of this event for having "[nipped] treason in the bud." Kurt von Schleicher was among the targets of this event, in which a leader of the Brownshirts was killed. The head of the SA was targeted by this event, in which 77 of the officials killed were named in the Gestapo List. For the point, identify this 1934 purge that was ordered by Adolf Hitler. | Night of the Long Knives (accept Operation Hummingbird; accept Kolibri; accept Röhm Putsch) |
| The Marquess of Chandos proposed a clause in this bill with a stipulation regarding 50 pounds of a certain payment. Aimed at "[taking] effectual Measures for correcting divers Abuses," this bill diminished the power of wealthy patrons to fill pocket boroughs with tenants who would vote in their favor. This bill expanded enfranchisement to small landowners and specifically stated that only men could vote. For the point, identify this 19th century bill that made sweeping changes to the UK's electoral process. | Great Reform Act of 1832 (or Reform Act 1832; accept Great Reform Act of 1832; accept Representation of the People Act 1832; accept First Reform Act; prompt on "Reform Act" alone) |
| Though her first book was titled Art Gems for the Home and Fireside, this writer became a staunch critic of domesticity. This writer first gained renown for her poetry anthology In This Our World. In her book Women and Economics, this writer criticized the institution of marriage, and this writer’s novel Herland depicted an all-woman Utopia. For the point, name this American author who frankly depicted women’s mental and physical suffering in the short story “The Yellow Wallpaper.” | Charlotte Perkins Gilman (accept Charlotte Anna Perkins; accept Charlotte Anna Perkins Stetson) |
| An article on whale anatomy was written for Max Weber by the soldier who discovered this figure, who was found at the same site as the Trinil tiger. Eugène Dubois [[doo-BWAH]] rose to fame for his discovery of this figure, whose alternate name inspired the title of Charles Mingus’ jazz album that refers to Pithecanthropus. Discovered near the Solo River, this figure serves as the type specimen for Homo erectus. For the point, name this fossilized human that was found on an Indonesian island. | Java Man (accept Pithecanthropus Erectus before “Pithecantropus” is mentioned and prompt after; accept Homo erectus erectus; accept Anthropopithecus erectus) |
| This man's family crest inspired the name of the Boar's Head Brigade. As part of a siege overseen by this man, 45 men were led by the chief Ahaya, and a hunting lodge known as Dungeness was built by this man on Cumberland Island. The Battle of Bloody Marsh was part of this man's campaign against a Spanish invasion launched from Florida. This man founded a certain colony in order to assist the "worthy poor" and other debtors. For the point, identify this colonial governor who founded Georgia. | James Oglethorpe (or James Edward Oglethorpe) |
| During the Franco-Prussian War, this man and his family fled to Cannes, where he was taught piano by Jean Cerutti. This man attended the 1889 Exposition Universelle where he was first exposed to the Javanese gamelan that influenced his Estampes. Under German bombardment, this composer's body was taken to Père Lachaise Cemetery after he had become well-known for his Pelléas et Mélisande. For the point, identify this French composer who pioneered musical Impressionism with "Claire de Lune." | Claude Debussy (or Achille Claude Debussy) |
| This conflict started after troops under Isaiah Stillman took a group waving a white flag captive and opened fire on a second band of negotiators, sparking the Battle of Stillman’s Run. This war was fought in an attempt to reclaim land between the Mississippi and Fox Rivers controversially ceded in the Treaty of St. Louis. This war ended when the so- called British Band was massacred by American soldiers under Henry Atkinson at the Battle of Bad Axe. For the point, name this war fought in Illinois and Wisconsin against a namesake Sauk leader. | Black Hawk War |
| This man is the namesake of a liberal arts college founded by immigrants in St. Peter, Minnesota. In some stories, Francis Albert of Saxe-Lauenburg was listed as the assassin of this man, whose page, Lennart Torstensson won a major victory in Swabia during the Livonian War at the Battle of the River Lech. This man was killed in action at the Battle of Lützen. Nicknamed the "Lion of the North," this is, for the point, what Swedish king during the Thirty Years' War? | Gustavus Adolphus (accept Gustav the Second Adolf; accept Gustav the Second Adolph; accept Gustav Adolf den store; accept Gustavus Adolphus Magnus) |
| One of these people was crushed by the shields of Titus Tatius’s army after traitorously allowing them to enter Rome. In addition to Tarpeia, one of these people named Aquilia Severa was controversially taken as the wife of emperor Elagabalus. Death by live burial was a fate that threatened these people, who were tasked with guarding the Palladium and the sacred fire of their patron goddess. For the point, name this group of sacred Roman priestesses who were forbidden from marrying. | Vestal Virgins (accept Vestālēs; prompt on “Vestals”) |
| William Leuchtenburg claimed that the decline of this organization led to a rise of those in “a decisive position of authority.” An army officer who led this organization was honored in 1934 as TIME Magazine’s Man of the Year. Hugh Johnson led this organization, which used a blue eagle as its symbol. The institution of “fair practices” and “codes of fair competition” were among the goals of, for the point, what New Deal organization that was founded in 1933 to regulate industry? | National Recovery Administration (accept NRA) |
| This kingdom was home to a syncretic faith founded by Beatriz Kimpa Vita named Antonianism. After sending a mission to study Christianity in Europe with the explorer Diogo Cão [[TSAO]], one ruler of this kingdom converted to Catholicism and renamed himself João [[jo-WOW]] the First. While under Portuguese hegemony, this kingdom’s capital was renamed São Salvador. For the point, name this sub-Saharan African kingdom that shares its name with two countries governed from Brazzaville and Kinshasa. | Kingdom of Kongo (or Wene wa Kongo) |
| The Guggenheim Bilbao contains a set of nine abstract panels focusing on this emperor known as his eponymous Discourses. That work by Cy Twombly focuses on this emperor, who is depicted next to a pair of Tritons in a marble bust in which he is shown holding a club in one hand and wearing the skin of the Nemean lion. This emperor's father was the subject of a prominent bronze equestrian statue found on the Capitoline Hill. For the point, name this emperor who often performed as a gladiator, the son of Marcus Aurelius. | Commodus |
| This city is the location of both the oldest municipal college and the oldest public museum in the United States. In 1718, Blackbeard attacked several ships attempting to dock in this city and ransomed the hostages from those ships for a chest of medicine. American historian Lawrence T. McDonnell called this city the “most un-radical city in the South” before the U.S. Civil War, despite it being the location of the opening shots of the war. For the point, name this South Carolina city that hosts Fort Sumter. | Charleston, South Carolina |
| One character in this film who is told to "follow the vixen's tail" was inspired by the Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus. The main character of this work is the son of a character based on Aurvandill. Suspicion that Christian slaves killed a certain group gives Olga and Amleth the opportunity to enter Fjölnir's abode in this film, which begins in the year 895 AD. For the point, name this 2022 mythology and history-inspired Viking film directed by Robert Eggers and starring Alexander Skarsgård. | The Northman |
| One lawyer of this surname worked with Samuel Quincy to prosecute Captain Thomas Preston. Another man of this surname wrote a work subtitled "Being An Answer to Mr. Burke's Attack on the French Revolution." In 1776, a man with this surname claimed, "The cause of America is in a great measure the cause of all mankind." For the point, give this surname of the author of the pamphlet Common Sense. | Paine (accept Thomas Paine; accept Robert Treat Paine) |
| Upon learning of a reassignment, members of this group burned a pavilion that had been acquired at the Siege of Tuyên Quang. This group was formerly based in Algeria and members of this group typically take part in a Képi Blanc ceremony. A song by Edith Piaf is often associated with this group, whose code calls on its members to serve “with honor and fidelity.” Created by King Louis Philippe, for the point, what French military unit is primarily composed of foreign mercenaries? | French Foreign Legion (or Légion étrangère; accept FFL) |
| The case United States v. Sullivan found that this amendment did not extend to income tax returns in certain cases. Heath v. Alabama found that this amendment’s double jeopardy clause does not prevent two different states from prosecuting the same perpetrator of a crime. Interpretation of this amendment suggests a guarantee that people are informed of their rights when arrested, as established in Miranda v. Arizona. For the point, identify this amendment whose adoption as part of the Bill of Rights reflected a legal shift away from forced confessions and self-incrimination. | Fifth Amendment |
| During this war, UN peacekeepers physically expelled Jordanian machine gun operators who had encroached on neutral territory. A strike that destroyed much of the Egyptian air force was the first direct action of this war, which ended with a change in control of the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, and West Bank. For the point, identify this 1967 war fought between an Arab coalition and Israel and named for its short duration. | Six-Day War (or June War; accept Third Arab-Israeli War before “Arab” is mentioned) |
| In 1508, this man became master navigator of the House of Trade in Seville. A letter to Piero Soderini is the only known written record of the occurrence of one voyage by this man, who gave an account of a location he described as the "New World." Martin Waldseemüller [[VAHLD-zay-moo-lah]] drew inspiration from the efforts of this man to apply a Latin form of his name to a certain region. For the point, identify this Florentine explorer, the namesake of two continents in the Western Hemisphere. | Amerigo Vespucci |
| Alexander Hay Ritchie depicted a man on horseback looking through a telescope in a depiction of this campaign, during which weapons were captured at Lovejoy's and Bear Creek Station. At the conclusion of this campaign, the victor claimed that one city was a Christmas present for the president. This campaign notably eschewed supply lines and the employed "scorched earth" tactics. For the point, name this campaign in which a Union general led troops to capture the port of Savannah. | Sherman's March to the Sea (accept Savannah Campaign before "Savannah" is mentioned) |
| The Space Shuttle utilized a set of robotic arms named after this country for payload capture. After the Soviet Union and the USA, this country became the third to construct a satellite which was named Alouette 1. An astronaut from this country created a viral video of himself singing "Space Oddity" onboard the International Space Station. This country's first man in space, Marc Garneau, became the Minister of Foreign Affairs in, for the point, what country, whose Space Agency has an office in Ottawa? | Canada |
| According to Flavius Josephus, this man was removed from one post after overseeing the slaughter at Tirathana. A popular apocryphal gospel written by Nicodemus focuses on the “Acts of” this man, to whom the words Ecce Homo are attributed. This man served the Emperor Tiberius as Governor of Judaea and may have carried out one action in response to a claim made by the “King of the Jews.” For the point, name this man who ordered the crucifixion of Jesus. | Pontius Pilate (accept Pontius Pilatus; accept Pontius Pilatos) |
| This treaty resulted in the proliferation of maquiladoras, factories that imported raw materials to manufacture goods for export. During his presidential campaign, Ross Perot claimed that this treaty would cause a “giant sucking sound” as jobs left the country. In 2016, Donald Trump called this treaty “the single worst trade deal ever.” For the point, name this trade agreement that was replaced by the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement. | NAFTA (or North American Free Trade Association) |
| Many defenses of the winning side in this battle were constructed by the 1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment and mostly built by teenage women. Friedrich Paulus was promoted to field-marshal during this battle in an attempt to encourage him to fight to the death, though he eventually surrendered. This battle may have cost more than two million lives, making it the deadliest battle of World War Two, and possibly of all time. For the point, name this pivotal 1942 to ‘43 battle in a city now called Volgograd. | Battle of Stalingrad |
| Abraham Lincoln challenged this man’s request for a war declaration with the Spot Resolutions. This man negotiated the current U.S.-Canada border at the 49th parallel with Great Britain. Nicholas Trist acted as this man’s representative during the negotiations of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. For the point, name this Democratic president who oversaw the Mexican-American War and annexation of Texas. | James K (nox) Polk |
| In this city, civil rights lawyer Arthur Shores’ home was bombed in retaliation for his support of Black families sending their children to white schools. Members of the Ku Klux Klan carried out a bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in this city, a crime prosecuted by future Senator Doug Jones. As Commissioner of Public Safety for this city, Bull Connor used fire hoses and police dogs against Black protestors. For the point, name this Alabama city where Martin Luther King Jr. wrote a famous letter from jail. | Birmingham (accept “Letter from Birmingham Jail”) |
| In this poem, Mopsus is killed by a snake born from the blood of Medusa. This poem’s character Euphemus is given a magic clod of earth by Triton that later becomes the island of Thera. The central group of this poem chases away a flock of guard birds on the Island of Ares [[AIR-eez]], and Heracles [[HAIR-uh-kleez]] disappears from this poem after the kidnapping of his companion, Hylas. This poem follows the quest of a group of heroes to Colchis [[KOLE-kiss]], where they are joined by Medea. For the point, name this epic by Apollonius of Rhodes that depicts the quest for the Golden Fleece. | Argonautica (prompt on descriptions of the book describing the adventures of the Argonauts) |