| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This person founded the Defense Intelligence Agency, and he served as president of the World Bank. This person was one of the Whiz Kids who restored the fortunes of the Ford Motor Company, for whom he briefly served as (+) president. Interviews with this man were the primary subject of the Academy Award-winning documentary (*) The Fog of War. For the points, name this man who served as secretary of defense under both John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson. | Robert McNamara (Robert Strange McNamara) |
| One member of this family wrote a three-volume history of one colonial possession despite never visiting and speaking none of its native languages. The son of the author of The History of British India defined one concept as being exempt from (+) “the tyranny of political rulers.” That work by a member of this family associated with classical liberalism believed in the (*) liberty of individuals to resist state dominance. For the points, name this family that included the author of Utilitarianism and On Liberty. | Mill family (accept Milne family; accept John Stuart Mill; or James Mill; or James Milne) |
| A Robin Hood-like bandit who operated during the reign of this emperor was Bulla Felix. After falling ill during one campaign, this man died in Eboracum. Among the rivals who were killed by this man was Pescennius (+) Niger. That death prompted this man's sons, including Geta, to succeed him under the oversight of his wife Julia Domna. Born in Leptis Magna, this man's namesake dynasty was the last to rule before the (*) Crisis of the Third Century. For the points, name this Roman emperor who hailed from Africa, whose Roman Forum arch still stands, along with that of Titus. | Lucius Septimius Severus (prompt on partial answer) |
| “Redology” is the field of study for one of these works, which uses the frame story of a sentient stone learning about the human condition through episodes in the Jia clan. Another of this group of works, also titled (+) All Men Are Brothers, sees the Song dynasty grant amnesty to a group of bandits after they gather in the Liangshan Marsh. Including Dream of Red Chamber and Water Margin, (*) for the points, what is this group of cherished Chinese novels that also include Journey to the West and Romance of the Three Kingdoms. | Four Great Classics (or Four Masterworks; or gǔdiǎn xiǎoshuō; accept “Six” instead of “Four” Classics; accept equivalents and wordforms like Four Great Classical Novels; prompt on an early buzz of “Dream of Red Chamber/Mansion” or “Water Margin” by saying, “which are part of what group of questions?”) |
| Some members of this group suggested they should be known as “Anti-Rats.” Mercy Otis Warren aligned herself with this group through her “Observations on the New (+) Constitution.” Led primarily by Patrick Henry, this group’s main concern revolved around the office of president, which they worried would evolve into a monarch. The Bill of (*) Rights was the main success of, for the points, what loose coalition of early American politicians who opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution? | Anti-Federalists |
| This man’s successor hired the Berkeley Mafia to undo his socialist policies. The CIA claimed this man orchestrated a false flag coup against himself in the Gestapu Incident, (+) as part of the 30 September Movement. This man’s political ideas included the national philosophy of Pancasila and the idea of “guided democracy.” (*) For the points, name this first president of Indonesia who was overthrown by Suharto. | Sukarno (or Kusno Sosrodihardjo) |
| This politician was damaged by the Potter Committee, which failed to find serious wrongdoing by a political rival. In his highest position, this politician broke up the Canal Ring after busting Boss (+) Tweed. The defeat of this politician in one election led to concessions that included an end to Reconstruction after this politician was denied the presidency by a (*) rigged election commission. For the points, name this New York governor who lost the Election of 1876 to Rutherford B. Hayes. | Samuel J. Tilden (or Samuel Jones Tilden) |
| In Much Ado About Nothing one character claims that he would "[rather] bring the length of [this man's] foot...than hold three words' conference" with another character. The White Huns destroy a realm led by this man in an Umberto Eco novel, in which he is sought by Baudolino. The (+) Acts of Thomas may have served as an inspiration for the stories about this man, who has been variously identified as Genghis Khan or an Emperor of Ethiopia. (*) For the points, name this mythical Christian king who supposedly ruled a lost kingdom in the far east. | Prester John (accept Presbyter Ioannes) |
| Thomas Fowke took command as Colonel of the 14th Regiment of Foot following this man, who was succeeded by William Shirley in a different post. After a promotion by Robert Dinwiddie, George (+) Washington became an aide-de-camp for this man during a 1755 campaign through the Ohio Country that attempted to capture Fort Duquesne [[doo-KANE]]. (*) For the points, name this major general who was killed during a namesake expedition during the French and Indian War. | Edward Braddock (accept Braddock Expedition) |
| While attempting to prove the possibility of trade ties between Mesopotamia and the Indus River, this man burned the reed boat Tigris as an anti-war protest. This man failed to disprove the East-to-West settlement of (+) Polynesia with a journey to the Tuamotu Islands, and this man successfully crossed the Atlantic from Morocco to Barbados in the Ra Two Expedition. Famous for the (*) Kon Tiki expedition, for the points, who was this Norwegian adventurer? | Thor Heyerdahl |
| This man’s propensity to cover up scandals, such as a financial scandal involving the Lords Stanhope and Sunderland, earned him the nickname The Screen. This politician resigned from his highest office following an embarrassing defeat against the Spanish during the (+) War of Jenkins’ Ear. This politician first rose to prominence during the reign of George the First in the fallout of the South Sea Bubble. (*) For the points, name this politician, typically considered the first Prime Minister of England. | Robert Walpole |
| This woman founded a brokerage firm and a newspaper in partnership with her sister Tennessee Claflin. This woman invited scandal after divorcing her first husband, Canning, but continuing to live with him even after marrying James (+) Blood. Arrested for obscenity charges before one election, this woman ran with Frederick (*) Douglass without his consent. For the points, name this American suffragette and presidential candidate for the Equal Rights Party. | Victoria Claflin Woodhull (accept Victoria Claflin Woodhull Martin) |
| This person was mourned with the saying, "O heart of Jesus! O sacred heart of…” this man. This editor of the “Journal of the French Republic” supported the September Massacre. (+) This man, who notably suffered from a skin condition resulting from his time in hiding in the sewers, was slain by a woman claiming, “I killed one man to save one hundred thousand.” (*) For the points, name this journalist who was murdered in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday. | Jean-Paul Marat |
| After being wounded at the Battle of Trzciana [[TCHAH-nah]], this man signed the Truce of Altmark with his predecessor, Sigismund the Third of Poland. This man’s successor, Christina, ruled under the regency of (+) Axel Oxenstierna [[ox-en-STYEHR-nah]] for twelve years after this man’s death at the Battle of Lutzen against Albrecht von Wallenstein. Victorious at the Battle of (*) Breitenfeld, for the points, who was this Thirty Years’ War hero and king of Sweden? | Gustavus Adolphus the Great (or Gustav the Second Adolph) |
| An educational company founded by a member of this family was called Ignite! Learning. A member of this family named Marvin appeared in a documentary about Lee Atwater, who assisted another member of this family born to a banker named (+) Prescott. Donald Trump accused one member of this family of having “low energy” in the 2016 (*) Republican Primary. For the points, name this American political family which includes Jeb and two presidents named George. | Bush Family (accept Marvin Bush; accept Prescott Bush; accept Jeb Bush; accept George W. Bush; accept George H.W. Bush) |
| This man’s namesake rule, tC=K, describes the time needed for one type of substance to cause death. This man’s wife was the first woman to earn a doctorate from the University of Breslau. That wife of this man likely killed herself in 1915 due to his defense of his invention’s use at the Battles of (+) Ypres [[EE-pruh]]. Naming a process to produce ammonia from nitrogen alongside Carl (*) Bosch, for the points, who was this “Father of Chemical Warfare?” | Fritz Haber (accept Haber-Bosch Cycle) |
| This speech discusses a nation settling “...the present situation by resorting to an extraordinary measure.” The Kyujo Incident was an attempt to stop this speech, which was used to encourage acceptance of the (+) Potsdam Declaration. The person behind this speech urged listeners to “endure the unendurable,” though he never explicitly used the word (*) “surrender.” For the points, name this speech that was given at the end of World War Two by Emperor Hirohito. | Jewel Voice Broadcast (accept Hirohito's Surrender Speech before "Hirohito") |
| This figure was the defendant in a case that handed an identical sentence to Alfred Taylor. This figure was the plaintiff in a libel case against a noble who is also known for endorsing a set of rules governing the sport of (+) boxing. This figure received a posthumous pardon under the Policing and Crime Act of 2017 and a stained-glass window in (*) Poets' Corner at Westminster Abbey. For the points, name this Irish author of The Importance of Being Earnest. | Oscar Wilde (or Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde) |
| During this conflict, civilians were reportedly expelled from the fortified city of Carcassonne in the nude. During this conflict, the order "Kill them all. God will (+) know his own" was given by Papal legate Arnaud Amalric at the Massacre at Béziers [[bay-ZYEHS]]. One side in this conflict was commanded by Simon de Montfort. (*) For the points, name this conflict in which Papal forces attacked southern French lands rife with the Cathar heresy. | Albigensian Crusade (accept Cathar Crusade before “Cathar”) |
| This man served as Egypt’s Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from 1977 to 1991. This man wrote An Agenda for Peace, (+) a report on UN peacekeeping techniques in the post-Cold War paradigm. This Coptic Christian was the only UN Secretary-General to be denied a second term by veto. (*) For the points, name this man who was the first Arab and African UN Secretary-General, serving from 1992 to 1996. | Boutros Boutros-Ghali |
| The Abandoned Properties Act attempted to return the homes of many who fled this polity. This polity’s eventual surrender was facilitated by its vice president, Phillip Effiong, who assumed leadership of this state after President (+) Odumegwu fled to the Ivory Coast, one of the few countries to recognize this (*) breakaway state. This polity faltered in 1970 after the capture of Port Harcourt. For the points, name this breakaway African state composed of Igbo nationalists that attempted to secede from Nigeria. | Republic of Biafra |
| In 1985, a vandal at this landmark damaged Rembrandt's Danaë by throwing sulfuric acid on the painting and slashing it twice with a knife. This landmark is the largest art museum in the world by gallery space, (+) and it includes a palace whose last imperial ball was attended by Nicholas the Second. Catherine (*) the Great established, for the points, what massive art complex in St. Petersburg, Russia which incorporates the Winter Palace? | The State Hermitage Museum |
| Defying the wishes of emperor Maurice at Constantinople, this pope made an uneasy peace with invading Lombards and their queen, Theodelinda. As one of his first acts as Bishop of Rome, this pope led a penitential procession against the (+) Plague of Justinian, which likely killed his predecessor, Pelagius the Second. This pope’s writings include Dialogues, Pastoral Care, and Moralia in Job. (*) For the points, name this pope, the namesake of Catholicism’s monophonic liturgical music. | Pope Gregory the First (or Pope Gregory the Great; or Saint Gregory; accept Gregorian Chant) |
| In 2020, the private game farm of this man, who founded South Africa’s National Union of Mineworkers, was burglarized of about 20 million rand in the Phala Phala robbery. (+) This man served as the secretary-general of the African National Congress from 1991 to 1997 before becoming deputy president under Jacob (*) Zuma. The Marikana Massacre occurred under, for the points, what man who has led South Africa since 2018? | Cyril Ramaphosa (or Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa) |
| In Bahai, the Bab is frequently annalogized to this man. Historically, the Gnostic Mandaean religion has been called the "Christians of" this man. (+) This man is described as eating locusts and wild honey and is believed by Christians to be the second coming of Elijah. This man was beheaded by (*) Herod at the request of Salome. For the points, name this son of Zechariah and Elizabeth, who immersed Jesus in the River Jordan. | John the Baptist (prompt on "John") |
| The second of these conflicts was concluded in part due to efforts by William Shaler and William Bainbridge. That war began after Dey Omar Agha repudiated the Congress of Vienna, (+) while the first of these wars included the burning of the USS Philadelphia. Stephen (*) Decatur became a war hero during, for the points, what war between the United States and a set of namesake pirate states in North Africa? | Barbary Wars |
| This theologian penned an allegorical poem against involvement in wars known as “The Labyrinth.” This theologian affirmed that the Eucharist is symbolic in the Sixty Seven Articles. Henrich (+) Bullinger succeeded this man after he was killed trying to defend his city during the Second Kappel War, prior to which this leader split with Martin (*) Luther at the Marburg Colloquy. For the points, name this reformation-era leader who opposed Anabaptism as leader of the Church of Zurich. | Huldrych Zwingli |
| The Zion Mule Corps were used in this campaign to carry water to troops on Cape Helles. This campaign’s cumulative half-million casualties led to the demotion of Winston (+) Churchill, who sought to open access to the Black Sea. Australia and New Zealand celebrate their citizens' participation in this campaign as part of (*) ANZAC Day. Great Britain’s forces were defeated in, for the points, what World War One attempt to seize the Dardanelles Straits from the Ottoman Empire? | Gallipoli Campaign (or Battle of Gallipoli) |
| One side in this battle was affected by the defection of Quintus Dellius. William Dalrymple once asked if the outcome of this battle would have been different if a certain figure's "nose had been one inch longer." (+) The city of Nicopolis was founded after this battle, which led the victor to adopt the title of princeps. Marcus Agrippa (*) commanded forces on behalf of the victor at, for the points, what 31 B.C. naval battle won by forces loyal to Octavian? | Battle of Actium |
| This politician was nominated for president in the shortest convention in American history. This politician lost most of his public goodwill after his wife Varina urged him to sign Jefferson Davis’s bail bond, (+) resulting in a drop in sales for the New York Tribune. This politician coined the term "Bleeding Kansas" and wrote the “Prayer of Twenty Millions” to provoke Abraham Lincoln into offering the Emancipation Proclamation. (*) For the points, name this newspaper editor who purportedly said, “go west, young man.” | Horace Greeley |
| Philo of Alexandria was part of an embassy to the court of this emperor, who may have been inspired by Xerxes [[ZERK-seez]] to build a floating bridge from Puteoli to Baiae [[BY-ay]]. Drusilla (+) was the sister of this emperor, who was fathered by Germanicus. A small type of boot provided the nickname of this emperor, who came to power in 37 AD as the successor to (*) Tiberius. For the points, name this third Roman emperor who is remembered for attempting to make his horse a consul. | Caligula (accept Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) |
| While serving as the youngest-ever U.S. Associate Attorney General, this man defended the Reagan administration’s policy of denying political refuge to Haitians. As a prosecutor, this man convicted “Fat Tony” Salerno, (+) but lost a bid to convict Imelda Marcos. This politician won a certain position by unseating David Dinkins, the first African American holder of that office. (*) For the points, name this man who served as mayor of New York City during September 11th. | Rudy Giuliani (or Rudolph William Louis Giuliani) |