| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| One American president suggested the creation of a governing organization for this sport that became the IAAUS. A McClure's article once claimed that a $100,000 slush fund for this sport was controlled by Walter Camp. This sport was popularized in 1958 partially thanks to the "Greatest Game Ever Played," and the Great Depression increased athletic recruitment for this sport at the collegiate level. Pop Warner was an early pioneer of, for the points, what sport also coached by Vince Lombardi? | American Football (accept Gridiron Football) |
| A major earthquake almost destroyed this city in 1667, with much of the damage impacting the settlements of Ombla and Gruž. In 1991, this city suffered a seven-month siege ended by the HV in Operation Tiger. The Treaty of Zadar forced Venice to give up this city to its longstanding controller, the Republic of Ragusa. Known today as the filming location of Game of Thrones’ King’s Landing, for ten points, what is this walled Croatian port city? | Dubrovnik (accept Ragusa before mentioned) |
| This man’s claims about his U.S. Army experience were deemed “fraudulent” and “absurd” by official documents, and this man’s opposition were galvanized by the assassination of Ninoy Aquino. During this man’s fall from power, he escaped from Malacanang Palace to Hawaii’s island of Oahu as part of the People Power Revolution. Stealing between five and ten billion dollars from his country, for ten points, who was this longtime right-wing dictator of the Philippines? | Ferdinand Marcos (or Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr.) |
| This woman was the first cabinet member to be confirmed via a tie-breaking vote. This woman, who faced public blowback following an attempt to cut funding for the Special Olympics, was succeeded in her role by Miguel Cardona. This woman was criticized for her role in reducing the size of teams investigating fraud by for-profit colleges. Mike Pence confirmed, for the points, what secretary of education who served under Donald Trump? | Betsy DeVos (or Elizabeth Dee DeVos; or Elizabeth Dee Prince) |
| This hotel complex, where Hillary Clinton was assaulted by a shoe-thrower in 2014, contains a property formerly known as THEhotel. This hotel, home to Shark Reef Aquarium, is connected by tram to Luxor and Excalibur, and it was the site of the deadliest mass shooting by a single person in U.S. history. For ten points, name this Las Vegas resort at the southern end of the Strip, named after a poem about a Burmese city. | Mandalay Bay (accept Delano Las Vegas; prompt on Mandalay alone) |
| This man lost territory in Owari which he inherited from Nobuhide [[noh-boo-HEE-deh]] after losing the Battle of Akatsuka. This man conquered Mino after a successful two-week siege of Inabayama Castle, and this Daimyo committed Seppuku during the Honno-Ji incident, after being cornered by Akechi Mitsuhide [[meet-soo-HEE-deh]]. Succeeded by Toyotomi Hideyoshi [[hee-deh-YOH-shee]], for ten points, who was this first of the three “Great Unifiers” of Japan? | Oda Nobunaga (accept either or both underlined names) |
| Until a temporary closure due to COVID, this city showed the longest continuously exhibited film in history every day from 1957 to 2020. The Story of a Patriot was shown in this city, which evolved out of Middle Plantation as a replacement capital when Bacon’s Rebellion burned down Jamestown. For ten points, name this former capital of Virginia during the American Revolution, which is now home to a “Colonial” historical re-enactment complex. | Williamsburg |
| This city’s Erdene Zuu Monastery was likely the first in its country. The name of this city in the Orkhan Valley translates to “Black Twenty,” and this city declined after it was replaced as capital by Khanbaliq [[HAN- bah-leek]]. Notably, this city set aside worship sites for Muslims, Nestorian Christians, and pagans, in addition to Tibetan Buddhists. First constructed by Ogedei Khan, for ten points, what was this city that briefly served as the Mongol capital before it moved to Dadu. | Karakorum (or Qaraqorum; or Kharkhorin; do not accept “Karakum”) |
| Members of this ethnicity who migrated to Tohoku became known as the Matagi people. A group of these people refused to settle in the Commander Islands, settling instead in the villages of Golygino and Yavin. These people were largely displaced from Kamchatka by the Russians and from northern Honshu by the Yamato Culture. For ten points, who are these people native to the Kuril Islands and Hokkaido? | Ainu (accept Utari) |
| The Ainu people may originate from the merging of the Okhotsk people and this culture, which names a period in Japanese history before the Yayoi era. | Jomon Culture (accept Jomon people; accept Jomon Period; accept Jomon Jidai) |
| This composer evoked the promotion of an archbishop to a cardinal in Cologne in the solemn "Cathedral" movement of one work. This man collaborated with Albert Dietrich and Johannes Brahms on the F-A-E Sonata, which was written for violinist Joseph Joachim. Träumerei [[TROY-mehr-rye]] is the seventh movement of this man's Kinderszenen, or Scenes from Childhood. For ten points, name this composer of the Rhenish Symphony, a German Romantic who married pianist Clara Wieck [[VEEK]]. | Robert Schumann |
| While courting Clara Wieck, Schumann wrote more than one hundred of these vocal songs with piano accompaniment for her. These pieces are named from the German word for "song" and are also frequently called "art songs." | Lieder [[LEE-duh]] (accept phonetic pronunciations) |
| While studying medicine, this man embarked on two journeys through Latin America he recollected in The Motorcycle Diaries. After graduating, this man witnessed the overthrow of Guatemala's Jacobo Árbenz, and eventually backed uprisings there and in the Congo. This Argentinian's last words, "you are only going to kill a man!" occurred in Bolivia following his successes in the Cuban Revolution. For ten points, name this iconic communist guerilla. | Ernesto "Che" Guevara |
| In 1956, Guevara sailed to Cuba with the Castro brothers, Fidel and Raúl, on this yacht, whose passengers battled against Fulgencio Batista. | Granma |
| Sin-leqi-unninni likely compiled the best-preserved version of this text, whose Dream Tablet was imported illegally into the United States and purchased in 2014 by Hobby Lobby. The title character of this text goes to the Cedar Forest, where he slays Humbaba. This text, which dates to the Third Dynasty of Ur, describes a friend of Enkidu who seeks immortality. For ten points, name this ancient Sumerian epic about a King of Uruk. | The Epic of Gilgamesh |
| In hopes of gaining immortality, Gilgamesh goes to Utnapishtim, who survives one of these events. In Hindu mythology, Manu is warned of one of these events by Vishnu in the form of a fish. | Great flood |
| This artist depicted Saint George holding his shield in a sculpture for the Orsanmichele [[OR-san- mee-KEH-leh]] church, and worked with Lorenzo Ghiberti on the doors for the Florence Baptistery. This sculptor created the first freestanding nude of the Renaissance, who stands atop the head of Goliath, in his bronze David. For ten points, name this Florentine sculptor who also made the equestrian statue Gattamelata. | Donatello (or Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi) |
| Donatello's David was commissioned by this Florentine banker, the grandfather of Lorenzo the Magnificent, whose support of Francesco Sforza in Milan created a balance of power in Northern Italy. | Cosimo de Medici (or Cosimo the Elder; prompt on “Medici”) |
| This election year was unique in seeing the election of a former Confederate citizen as President. Since 1860, this is the only election year in which a 4th party received at least 5% of the popular vote. This election advantaged that Democrat due to a split in the Republican Party between supporters of incumbent William Taft and Progressives who opposed him. For ten points, in what election did Theodore Roosevelt fail to win a third term, leading to the election of Woodrow Wilson? | 1912 United States Presidential election |
| This Indiana politician, Wilson’s running mate, became the first vice president since Daniel D. Tompkins to serve two full terms, but was iced out of power by Edith Wilson after the president’s 1919 stroke. | Thomas R (iley) Marshall |
| Due to this battle, the Irish-descended General Tomás O'Horán was given the nickname "the Immortal of Atlixco." A young Porfirio Diaz led an infantry brigade which defended the area between Loreto and Guadalupe during this battle. This battle slowed an advance by the Comte Charles de Lorencez, who requested an extra detachment of troops from Napoleon the Third to overthrow the government of Benito Juarez. The Second French Intervention in Mexico was halted by, for ten points, what victory commemorated on Cinco de Mayo? | Battle of Puebla |
| The French intervention in Mexico was motivated by conservative efforts to create and preserve the Second Empire, ruled by this Austrian archduke who was later executed. | Maximilian the First of Mexico |
| This structure improved a route previously known as the Tea Road. This structure, which often uses Elektrichkas and Dizels, has its westernmost point at the Tartar Strait. During one country’s civil war, this structure was partly controlled by the Czechoslovak Legion, and this structure’s latest expansion was the Baikal-Amur Main Line. Constructed mostly under Nicholas the Second, for ten points, what is this Russian rail system? | Trans-Siberian Railway (accept equivalents for “Railway”) |
| In recent years there have been several proposals to run the Trans-Siberian line through this island, formerly split between Russia and Japan. | Sakhalin Island (accept Sakhalin Tunnel) |
| Suburb of Kansas City, named after a certain declaration, from which most emigrants set out on the trail. | Independence |
| Type of heavy covered wagon, used by pioneers and named for a river in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. | Conestoga wagon |
| Type of gastroenteritis which, along with cholera, claimed many lives on the trail. | Dysentery (or Bloody flux) |
| Landmark on the trail in Western Nebraska which that state later put on its state quarter. | Chimney Rock |
| Tributary of the Columbia, that names the Valley that was the destination of most migrants. | Willamette River |
| Ill fated group that started off on the trail in spring 1846, but who left it after taking the Hastings Cutoff, leading to 39 deaths | Donner Party |
| Bloody and decisive five-month battle in a city now known as Volgograd. | Battle of Stalingrad (or Siege of Stalingrad) |
| Codename for the German invasion of the Soviet Union, named for a Holy Roman Emperor. | Operation Barbarossa (or Unternehmen Barbarossa) |
| Azerbaijani city targeted by the Germans in Case Blue. | Baku |
| Soviet counteroffensive named for a planet that completely surrounded the German Sixth Army. | Operation Uranus (or Operatsiya "Uran") |
| German Army field marshal who surrendered to the Soviets after that aforementioned encirclement. | Friedrich Paulus |
| “Pocket” on a namesake peninsula that was cut off from German forces for over a year following the Soviet Baltic Offensive. | Courland Pocket Directors of Historical Films Regarding directors of historical films, name the… |
| James Cameron directed film about the sinking of the namesake ship after hitting an iceberg. | Titanic |
| 1960 film by Stanley Kubrick depicting the life of the namesake Thracian gladiator who led a slave rebellion against Rome. | Spartacus |
| War depicted in such hits as Apocalypse Now and Full Metal Jacket. | Vietnam War |
| Film about a specific number of the title Japanese warriors who save a village from bandits. | Seven Samurai |
| Highly-influential Sergei Eisenstein film depicting a Russian Empire-era uprising aboard the namesake vessel. | Battleship Potemkin |
| First movie screened in the White House, for Woodrow Wilson, who called it “like writing history with lightning.” | The Birth of a Nation |
| A war which was named for this river began after the Medicine Lodge Treaty was violated by the U.S. This river shares its name with the hydrological boundary separating North Dakota and Minnesota. This river once separated U.S. and Spanish territory according to the (+) Adams-Onis Treaty, and this treaty's name has been applied to a historic college football rivalry. Named for the iron-rich sediment (*) at its floor, for the points, what is this river which separates Texas and Oklahoma? | Red River (accept Red River War) |
| The Pope briefly excommunicated the forces of this campaign after they sacked the city of Zara on the suggestion of Enrico (+) Dandolo in lieu of payment for his Venetian ships. Ostensibly in service of this event’s goal of invading Egypt, its forces agreed to restore Isaac Angelos to one throne, resulting in a 1204 sacking of (*) Constantinople. For ten points, name this religious war that went awry and ended with the Latin partitioning of the Byzantine Empire. | Fourth Crusade |
| While imprisoned in the Tower of London, this man wrote the treatise No Cross, No Crown. The Frame of Government was a legal document governing proprietary land handed to this man by order of (+) Charles the Second to pay off debts to this man's father. That land given to this man included a significant tract along the Delaware River, upon which he founded the city of (*) Philadelphia. For ten points, name this colonial proprietor of a state now governed from Harrisburg. | William Penn |
| A map by Princeton mathematician Robert J. Vanderbei highlighted states with this unofficial designation in a certain process. Since 2000, Iowa, Ohio, (+) and Florida have been labeled with this term, which reflects a shift of control from one political party to another. Recounts confirming the 2020 presidential election results in Georgia and Arizona led to them earning this distinction, which is synonymous with (*) “swing state.” For the points, what term defines states that could vote red or blue? | Purple States (or Battleground States; accept Swing States before mentioned) |
| This man was found in a teepee with the wife of No Water, who wounded this man in the upper jaw. This man was killed by a bayonet wound he sustained at Fort Robinson, and forces under this man attacked a brigade of 80 U.S. soldiers during the (+) Fetterman Massacre. The Last Sun Dance of 1877 was held for this man, who, along with Sitting Bull, was a leader of one side during a battle that saw (*) Custer's Last Stand. For ten points, name this Lakota chief who fought at the Battle of Little Bighorn. | Crazy Horse (accept Tȟašúŋke Witkó; accept His-Horse-Is-Crazy) |
| This man married into the royal family of the Maldives in the 1340s. This explorer chronicled his visit to the Great Mosque of Kilwa, and took up a post as ambassador of Mohammed bin Tughluq [[TUG-luck]] to the court of (+) China. This man met Mansa Suleyman while traveling to Timbuktu and visited Cairo during one Hajj. A native of Morocco, (*) for ten points, identify this Muslim explorer and writer who is considered the most well-traveled pre-modern human on record. | Ibn Battuta (or Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Battuta) |
| The mascot of Bowdoin [[BOH-din]] College was chosen to honor this explorer, who was the chief surveyor for the hypothetical Nicaragua Canal. This explorer proved that Greenland was an island by reaching (+) Independence Fjord. Matthew Henson was the only non-Inuit to accompany this man on his most famous claimed feat, which he disputed with Frederick (*) Cook. For ten points, name this American Arctic explorer who claimed to be the first to reach the North Pole. | Robert Peary (or Robert Edwin Peary Sr.) |
| An element discovered at this university was used in conjunction with a beam of calcium-48 to synthesize Tennessine. The most recent element discovered at this university was named for a man (+) who hosted a team of scientists that used the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory and a cyclotron to discover elements including plutonium and americium. Glenn Seaborg and his team discovered (*) Californium at, for the points, what university, the namesake of a transuranic element symbolized Bk? | University of California, Berkeley (or UC Berkeley; prompt on "University of California" or "UC") |
| This man was the first European to travel through a namesake strait between Baffin Island and Quebec, and made two expeditions to discover the "Northeast Passage" under the (+) Muscovy Company. This man commanded the Halve Maen ship under the Dutch East India Company, travelling up a namesake river to modern-day Albany, and was abandoned by mutineers of the (*) Discovery. For ten points, name this English explorer who names a Canadian Bay and a New York river. | Henry Hudson (accept Hudson Strait; accept Hudson Bay; accept Hudson River) |
| This word was shouted by Archimedes after he first understood the displacement of liquids and today names the largest city between San Francisco and Portland. | Eureka |
| The Second Sino-Japanese War began after an incident at a bridge named for this man, who joined (+) Niccolo and Maffeo on an eastward journey. While in prison, this man recounted his travels to his fellow inmate, Rustichello. The book created from those stories chronicled this man's encounters in the Gobi Desert and interactions with (*) Kublai Khan. For ten points, name this Italian traveler who told of his travels in China in his book Il Milione. | Marco Polo (or Marco Emilio Polo; accept Marco Polo Bridge Incident) |
| This American industrialist developed the assembly line technique of mass production which helped his company build the Model T and the Model A. | Henry Ford (accept Ford Motor Company; accept Ford Model A; accept Ford Model T) |