| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This organization and the Idaho police coerced Harry Orchard into confessing to the murder of Governor Frank Steunenberg. Franklin Gowen hired this organization to undermine the Molly Maguires, and 300 members of this organization were equipped with Winchester rifles (+) and specially built barges to lead a charge against Fort Frick. This organization used the slogan "We Never Sleep" and a logo depicting an eyeball. A union-busting (*) detective agency, for the points, what organization put down the Homestead Strike? | Pinkerton National Detective Agency (or Pinkertons) |
| This composer wrote "The Transit of Venus" to commemorate a statue of the first secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. One work by this composer was created when Chester Arthur disliked "Hail to the Chief," (+) while another work created by this composer included a piccolo obligato to represent the South and a trombone countermelody to represent the West. The "Semper Fidelis" and (*) "The Stars and Stripes Forever" were written by, for the points, what American composer and "March King?" | John Philip Sousa |
| Along with his wife, Jane, this man established a university in 1885 to honor his dead son. This man, who drove in the Golden Spike at Promontory Point, presided over the Central Pacific Railroad at the time of his death. This man was criticized for importing (+) Chinese laborers, whom he derided as an "inferior race. The eighth governor of California and a rail magnate, for the points, who was this "robber baron" (*) who founded a major West Coast university in Palo Alto? | Leland Stanford (or Amasa Leland Stanford Sr.; accept Stanford University; accept Leland Stanford Junior University) |
| As part of this legislation, Texas gave up territorial claims in New Mexico in exchange for federal assumption of its debt. The slave trade was barred from the District of Columbia (+) as part of this legislation that included the admission of California as a free state. The Fugitive Slave Act was passed alongside, (*) for the points, what package of legislation of the Fillmore administration that was created by Stephen Douglas and Henry Clay after the Mexican-American War in a namesake year? | Compromise of 1850 |
| This is not I.M. Pei, but this architect used sliced electric guitars to evoke a “rock ‘n’ roll experience” for one building’s early model design. This architect designed the Jay Pritzker Pavilion in Chicago's Millennium Park, and another venue designed by this architect had to have its edges (+) sanded down to prevent overheating nearby office buildings. The designer of the Museum of Pop Culture in Seattle and the Walt Disney (*) Concert Hall in Los Angeles, for the points, who is this Canadian- American architect? | Frank Gehry (or Frank Owen Gehry; or Frank Owen Goldberg) |
| This company purchased FleetBoston Financial, giving itself ownership of the oldest of its industry's charters in America. A group of Italian-Americans founded an institution in San Francisco that eventually became this company after the 1906 earthquake. Matt Taibbi (+) highlighted this company in the book Too Crooked to Fail, claiming that this company's CEO, Hugh McColl, caused the 2008 financial crisis. Headquartered in Charlotte, (*) North Carolina, for the points, what is this bank? | Bank of America (accept BoA or BofA) |
| A speech by this person titles a 1981 bell hooks book criticizing white, middle-class feminism. This person’s most famous speech was first recorded by Marius Robinson (+) but became better known from a version transcribed by Frances Dana Barker Gage that interpolated Southern Black slang. This person declared in that speech that she had “plowed and planted” but (*) “no man could head me.” For the points, name this abolitionist who gave the speech “Ain’t I a Woman?" | Sojourner Truth (or Isabella Baumfree) |
| An economic plan named for this man was largely replaced with the Mutual Security Act by Harry Truman and itself replaced the Morgenthau Plan. This man preceded Dwight Eisenhower as the chief of staff of the Army during World War Two and won the 1953 Nobel Peace (+) Prize for the European Recovery Program, which is commonly named for him. Naming the U.S. plan to invest in and rebuild (*) Europe following World War Two, for the points, who was this secretary of state? | George C. Marshall (or George Catlett Marshall, Jr.; accept Marshall Plan) |
| With William Grenville, this man negotiated the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, which sought to relieve post-Revolutionary tensions between the U.S. and Britain. This man served as governor of New York from 1795 to 1801 and was succeeded and preceded in the position by George (+) Clinton. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and this man used the pseudonym Publius to write The Federalist Papers. (*) For the points, name this Founding Father, the first chief justice of the Supreme Court. | John Jay |
| Researchers at this institution offered a “special treatment” to local men who were suffering from “bad blood.” Research at this institution produced many new uses for legumes (+) under George Washington Carver. In collaboration with the U.S. government, this institution carried out an unethical syphilis study on Black farmers. Founded by (*) Booker T. Washington, for the points, what is this historically Black university? | Tuskegee University (accept Tuskegee Institute) |
| During a gold rush in this tribe’s territory, thousands of prospectors illegally entered their reservation and founded the city of Lewiston. Over 100 members of this tribe were successfully led by White Bird through lines led by Nelson Miles to join the Lakota under Sitting Bull. (+) After being stopped just shy of the Canadian border, one leader of these people declared, "My heart is sad and sick" and “I will fight no more forever.” Led by Chief (*) Joseph, for the points, what is this Native American tribe? | Nez Perce (or Nimíipuu) |
| This man drew on Ezekiel 15 for his work “Wicked Men Useful in Their Destruction Only.” In Religious Affections, this man described a so-called “true Christian conversion” during the First Great Awakening. In one work, this man, the grandfather of Vice President (+) Aaron Burr, described his audience being held “over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider.” Known for the sermon “Sinners in the Hands (*) of an Angry God,” for the points, who was this American revivalist minister? | Jonathan Edwards |
| In the lead-up to this battle, one leader marched from Fort Knox to Terre Haute, where he built a namesake fort. This battle took place in Battle Ground, near modern-day (+) Lafayette, and ended with the destruction of Prophetstown and the defeat of the confederacy of Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh. Providing a nickname to William (*) Henry Harrison, for the points, what was this 1811 battle? | Battle of Tippecanoe |
| This company eliminated Pratt and Rogers and 21 other competitors in six weeks during the Cleveland Massacre. Ida Tarbell wrote a series of exposés (+) about this company, which hastened its breakup after it gave away millions of lamps in China to convince the Chinese to move away from vegetable oil. The Supreme Court dissolved this trust in 1911, creating companies like Chevron and ExxonMobil. (*) John D. Rockefeller founded, for the points, what company that once had a monopoly on the oil industry? | Standard Oil |
| Primary defensive positions in this battle included Shuri Castle and a coral ridge named The Pinnacle. Operation Ten-Go was a failed attempt to lend naval support (+) to troops fighting in this battle, in which Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner was killed, making him the highest- ranking American killed in World War Two. The “typhoon of (*) steel” was a nickname of, for the points, what bloodiest battle of the Pacific theater, which was fought on a namesake Ryukyu Island? | Battle of Okinawa |
| The majority opinion of this case found that liberty “...consists in the right of every individual to claim the protection of the laws,” and that the U.S. government is one “...of laws, and not of men." This case overruled the Judiciary Act of (+) 1789 and claimed its defendant did not need to deliver commissions to 42 appointees of a departed president. The concept of judicial review was (*) established by, for the points, what 1803 Supreme Court case that concerned a sitting secretary of state? | Marbury v. Madison |
| This man was the chief American diplomat to negotiate with British Lords Lyons and Russell in the Trent Affair. This man, who argued against the expansion of slavery in the "Higher Law" speech, was the target of an assassination attempt by Lewis Powell on the night (+) Abraham Lincoln was killed. This man organized the purchase of Russia’s North American land holdings in a deal derisively dubbed "[This man's] Folly.” Engineering the (*) purchase of Alaska, for the points, who was this secretary of state? | William H (enry) Seward |
| This event led to the expression “not a cent for tribute” from a fledgling nation, and this event was imposed on Elbridge Gerry, Charles Pinckney, and John Marshall. The Quasi-War (+) with France was largely sparked by this event in which Charles Talleyrand attempted to solicit a bribe. A diplomatic scandal between the U.S. and France known by a (*) three-letter name, for the points, what was this "Affair"? | XYZ Affair |
| Unlike in other parts of the state, political boss E. H. Crump helped Black voters in this city to pay their poll taxes. The deaths of Echol Cole and Robert Walker (+) in this city sparked its sanitation workers strike, which featured the most famous version of the “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” speech. White supremacist James Earl Ray killed a civil rights leader in this city at the (*) Lorraine Motel. For the points, name this Tennessee city where Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated. | Memphis |
| This man narrowly lost to Karen Handel in 2017 in the most expensive House election in history. This man introduced legislation that would ban members of Congress from trading stocks in 2022, and this man is the first millennial, as well as the first Jewish man since the (+) nineteenth century, to be elected to the Senate from the Deep South. Unseating David Perdue in a special election and serving since 2020 alongside Raphael (*) Warnock, for the points, who is this Georgia senator? | Jon Ossoff (or Thomas Jonathan Ossoff) |
| Elite infantry called Evzones guard one of these monuments in Athens, and one of these monuments under the India Gate is called Amar Jawan Jyoti. That example of one of these monuments contains a statue of a helmet atop a rifle, (+) and the U.S. president lays a wreath at one of these monuments every Memorial Day. Present at Arlington National Cemetery and under the (*) Arc de Triomphe, these are, for the points, what monuments honoring anonymous veterans, often with an eternal flame? | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (prompt on descriptive answers) |
| The "Technique of [this film]" titled a 1950 essay by critic Andre Bazin, and this film prominently featured the work of architects Gregg Toland and Julia Morgan. This film, which ranked number one for fifty years on a list of all-time great films published by Sight and Sound, (+) was the only film its director made under his original contract with RKO Pictures. Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst inspired the title (*) character of, for the points, what 1941 film, directed by and starring Orson Welles? | Citizen Kane (accept "The Technique of Citizen Kane) |
| This legislation, named for the Republican chairs of the House Ways and Means Committee and the Senate Finance Committee, was opposed by a petition signed by 1,000 economists. (+) Henry Ford visited the White House in an attempt to block this bill's rates on industrial products, which led to retaliation against American goods. Passed in 1930, (*) for the points, what is this doubly eponymous tariff passed in response to the Great Depression? | Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (accept in either order; accept Tariff Act of 1930 before "1930" is mentioned) |
| The "Cactus Air Force" successfully defended Henderson Field during this 1942 to 1943 campaign, which was codenamed Operation Watchtower. The eventual target of this campaign was the Japanese base at (+) Rabaul on the Bismarck archipelago. Taking place on the largest of the (*) Solomon Islands, for the points, what was this World War Two campaign? | Guadalcanal Campaign (or Battle of Guadalcanal; accept Operation Watchtower before mentioned; prompt on “Solomon Islands” Campaign or “Solomons” Campaign) |
| This person was the first woman to hold a federal clerkship with equal pay before she was fired from the Patent Office for her “Black Republicanism.” This person met Dr. Louis Appia during a trip to Geneva that helped to finance her medical work. This woman established an (+) orphanage after providing aid for the Galveston Hurricane of 1900, and this person was known during the Civil War as the “Angel (*) of the Battlefield.” For the points, name this nurse, the founder of the American Red Cross. | Clara Barton (or Clarissa Harlowe Barton) |
| This justice authored the majority opinion in Schenck V. United States, which upheld a conviction for violating the Espionage Act of 1917. This (+) Supreme Court associate justice was appointed by Theodore Roosevelt and served from 1902 to 1932. The dissenting opinion in Lochner v. New York was (*) written by, for the points, what Supreme Court justice, the son of a noted poet? | Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (prompt on "Holmes"; do not accept or prompt on "Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.") |
| A poem titled for these people refers to them as “tan-faced children” and calls on them to “...get your weapons ready” before asking, “Have you your pistols? Have you your sharp-edged axes?” That poem by Walt Whitman about these people inspired the name of a novel set in Hanover, (+) Nebraska which includes the character Carl Linstrum and members of the Swedish-American Bergson family. A William Cather novel (*) exhorts, for the points, what people, the subject of works about the Gold Rush and westward expansion? | Pioneers (accept O Pioneers!; accept “Pioneers! O Pioneers!”; prompt on descriptive or synonymous answers) |
| With William Wirt, this politician argued that Congress had exclusive regulatory control of interstate commerce in Gibbons v. Ogden, and this man defended his alma mater's charter in Dartmouth College v. Woodward. As secretary of state, this politician signed a treaty (+) settling the Maine-Canada border with Baron Ashburton, and a speech delivered by this politician described "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable." (*) For the points, name this lawyer and politician from New Hampshire. | Daniel Webster (accept Webster-Ashburton Treaty) |
| The "dance" of these animals was the subject of a silent film produced by Thomas Edison's Black Maria studio. James Earle Fraser designed a nickel featuring this animal on the reverse, and a man on horseback charges toward one of these animals in a painting by Albert Bierstadt. (+) Camp Disappointment was home to a prominent "Jump" named for these animals, where Native Americans led them (*) over a cliff. For the points, identify these animals, the name of which also describes military regiments comprised of African-American soldiers. | American Buffalo (accept American Bison; accept Buffalo Dance; accept Buffalo Jump; accept Buffalo Soldiers) |
| This person argued that African-Americans would be led to prosperity by an intellectual elite called the “talented tenth." This person fought against the Dunning school of history in his book Black Reconstruction in America and served as the first editor of The Crisis. (+) This leader of the Niagara Movement strongly opposed Booker T. Washington’s “unmanly” Atlanta Compromise. The author of The Souls of Black Folk, (*) for the points, who was this civil rights activist and sociologist? | W.E.B. Du Bois [[doo-BOYSS]] (or William Edward Burghardt Du Bois; accept pronunciation as [[doo-BWAH]]) |
| When this conflict ended, one side relinquished its possession of the Floridas. (+) Along with its outright enemies, Britain faced opposition during this conflict from the League of Armed Neutrality organized by (*) Catherine the Great. For the points, name this conflict, which effectively ended when the French ships of the Comte de Grasse bottled up Lord Cornwallis and his British army at Yorktown. | The American War for Independence (or the American Revolution) |
| The predecessor to the United Way formed in this city, which historically held the title "Queen City of the Plains." John (+) Hickenlooper once governed from this city, which hosted Pope John Paul the Second at Mile High (*) Stadium in 1993. For the points, name this capital city whose namesake Post historically reported on Colorado news. | Denver (accept Denver Post) |